Transcript Climate
Unit 1 – Ecology Standards • S7CS3. Students will use tools and instruments for observing, measuring, • S7CS5. Students will question scientific claims and arguments effectively. • S7CS6. Students will investigate the features of the process of scientific inquiry. Ways of science •Scientific method •Ways that scientists follow steps to answer questions and solve problems Ways of science • Steps in the scientific method ▫ Note: steps are the same; order can change ▫ Question/Problem What do you want to know? ▫ Research/Background info Find out more about it. ▫ Hypothesis (can be redone) Develop the possible answer If _____________, then __________. ▫ Experiment/Procedures Test the possible answer. ▫ Analysis/Data Examine the results. ▫ Conclusion Is the answer what you thought it would be? Explain. Homework (8/18/11) •Write out directions on how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich! Unit 1 - Ecology (Interdependence of Life Fall 2011 Mrs. Cole 7th grade science Unit 1 – Ecology: Standards S7L1 Students will investigate the diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared scientifically. • b. Classify organisms based on a six-kingdom system and a dichotomous key. • S7L4 Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. • c. Recognize that changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species. • e. Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e., tropical rain forest, savanna, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and aquatic communities (i.e., freshwater, estuaries, and marine). Unit 1 – Ecology Vocabulary • • • • • • • • • Ecology Biotic Abiotic Biome Ecosystem Savanna Desert Tundra Taiga • Aquatic • Tropical rain forest • Temperate deciduous forest • Freshwater • Estuary • Marine • Swamp • Marsh Biomes BIOTIC FACTORS ABIOTIC FACTORS • Plants • Animals • Protists • Bacteria • Think…all living things • Climate • Water • Sunlight • Wind • Rocks • Think…nonliving things Ecology Biome Ecosystem • a very large area characterized by its climate and the plants and animals that live in that area. • a community of organisms (living things biotic) and their abiotic (nonliving) environment Unit 1 – Ecology: Standards • S7L4 Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. • e. Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e., tropical rain forest, savanna, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and aquatic communities (i.e., freshwater, estuaries, and marine). http://www.brainpop.com/ Terrestrial Biomes • Tundra ▫ Climate Average yearly rainfall: 12 to 20 in (30 to 50 cm) Average temps Daytime: 54ºF (12ºC) Nighttime: -26ºF (-15ºC) ▫ Animals Caribou, oxen, reindeer ▫ Plants Small shrubs and grasses Layer of soil beneath the surface that stays frozen (permafrost) Terrestrial Biomes • Taiga ▫ Climate Average yearly rainfall: 15 to 30 in.(38 to 76 cm) – mostly snow Average temps Daytime: 70ºF (21ºC) Nighttime: 20ºF (-7ºC) ▫ Animals Beavers, grizzly bears, wolves ▫ Plants Dense forests of evergreen trees Terrestrial Biomes • Coniferous forests ▫ Climate Average yearly rainfall: 14 to 29.5 in (35 to 75 cm) Average temps Summer: 57ºF (14ºC) Winter: 14ºF (-10ºC) ▫ Animals Deer, moose, squirrels, insects ▫ Plants Trees that produces seeds in cones (evergreen) Terrestrial Biomes • Temperate deciduous forests ▫ Climate Average yearly rainfall: 29.5 to 49 in (75 to 125 cm) Average temps Summer: 82ºF (28º C) Winter: 43ºF (6ºC) ▫ Animals Bears, snakes, birds, insects ▫ Plants Trees with leaves that change color and shed Terrestrial Biomes • Tropical rain forests ▫ Climate Average yearly rainfall: up to 157.5 in (400 cm) Average temps Daytime: 93ºF (34ºC) Nighttime: 68ºF (20ºC) ▫ Animals Most diverse Birds, reptiles, mammals ▫ Plants Tall trees that form green roofs (canopy) Vines Low plants Terrestrial Biomes • Savanna ▫ Climate Average yearly rainfall: up to 59 in (130 cm) Average temps Dry season: 93ºF (34ºC) Wet season: 61ºF (16ºC) ▫ Animals Lions, elephants, zebra ▫ Plants Open grasslands that dry out and turn yellow during the dry season Very few trees Terrestrial Biomes • Desert ▫ Climate Average yearly rainfall: Less than 10 in. (25 cm) Average temps Summer: 100ºF (38ºC) Winter: 45ºF (7ºC) ▫ Animals Birds, rodents, snakes, lizard ▫ Plants Plants with fleshy leaves and stems and deep roots Waxy coating to prevent water loss Unit 1 – Ecology: Standards • S7L4 Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. • e. Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e., tropical rain forest, savanna, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and aquatic communities (i.e., freshwater, estuaries, and marine). http://www.brainpop.com/ Aquatic Ecosystems Marine (Oceans) Freshwater • Intertidal ▫ Near shore ▫ Organisms live in and out of water • Coral reefs ▫ Warm, shallow area ▫ Coral, sponges, sea stars • Sargasso sea ▫ Middle of the Atlantic ocean ▫ Floating algae • Polar ice ▫ Around the Arctic and Antarctica • Estuary ▫ where salt meets fresh ▫ mixture • Stream and river ▫ Think ‘fast moving’ water ▫ Rivers are simply strong, wide streams • Pond and lake ▫ Enclosed body of water ▫ Plants grow near the shoreline • Wetlands (area of land partially under water) ▫ Marsh Grasses, reeds, wild rice ▫ Swamp Trees and vines Aquatic Ecosystems Marine (Oceans) • Intertidal ▫ Location: Found near the shore ▫ Type of water: Salt ▫ Movement of water: crashing waves; constant movement ▫ Plant life: plankton ▫ Animal life: worms, clams, crabs Aquatic Ecosystems Marine (Oceans) • Coral Reefs ▫ Location: warm ▫ Type of water: Salt ▫ Movement of water: steady, subtle ▫ Plant life: algae ▫ Animal life: corals, sponges, sea stars Aquatic Ecosystems Marine (Oceans) • Sargasso Sea ▫ Location: middle of the Atlantic Ocean ▫ Type of water: Salt ▫ Movement of water: constant, subtle ▫ Plant life: algae called sargassums Aquatic Ecosystems Marine (Oceans) • Polar Ice (remember: ice is a form of water) ▫ Location: around the Arctic and Antartica ▫ Type of water: Salt ▫ Movement of water: slow moving (lots of ice) ▫ Plant life: plankton ▫ Animal life: polar bears, penguins Aquatic Ecosystems Estuary ▫ Location: where fresh water spills into the ocean ▫ Type of water: mixture of fresh and salt ▫ Movement of water: swirling, mixing ▫ Plant life: plankton, grasses ▫ Animal life: large variety that can survive in changing concentrations of salt Aquatic Ecosystems Freshwater • Stream and River ▫ Location: runs through land, into other streams/rivers, out to the ocean ▫ Type of water: Fresh ▫ Movement of water: fast moving ▫ Plant life: large variety of plants, moss, algae ▫ Animal life: fish, clams, snails, frogs, etc. Aquatic Ecosystems Freshwater • Ponds and Lakes ▫ Location: surrounded by land ▫ Type of water: Fresh ▫ Movement of water: slower than rivers and streams ▫ Plant life: cattails, rushes, algae ▫ Animal life: frogs, turtles, fish, snakes, clams Aquatic Ecosystems Freshwater • Wetland (marshes and swamps) ▫ Location: surrounded by land ▫ Type of water: Fresh ▫ Movement of water: slow moving or stagnant ▫ Plant life: grasses, reeds, wild rice, vines ▫ Animal life: fishes, snakes, birds, frogs, turtles ▫ DIFFERENCE: swamps have trees; marshes don’t have trees. Sum it all up! Terrestrial Biomes • Tundra • Taiga • Coniferous forest • Temperate deciduous forest • Tropical rain forest • Savanna • Desert Aquatic Ecosystems • Marine (Ocean) • Estuary • Freshwater Unit 1 – Ecology: Standards • S7L4 Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. ▫ c. Recognize that changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species. Environmental Factors Pollution • Garbage ▫ Medical waste ▫ Lead paint ▫ Hazardous wastes These can catch fire, eat through metals or make people sick. Environmental Factors Pollution • Chemicals ▫ CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon ) Destroys the ozone layer Used in aerosols and plastics ▫ PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyl) Poisonous and can cause cancer Used in appliances and paints Environmental Factors Pollution • High-Powered Wastes ▫ Radioactive ▫ Nuclear plants • Gases ▫ Carbon dioxide (acts like a greenhouse) • Noise ▫ Constructions zones ▫ Can impact ability to hear Environmental Factors Resource Depletion • Renewable ▫ Can be replaced at the same rate it is used ▫ Solar, wind energy, water • Nonrenewable ▫ Cannot be replaced OR can only be replaced over thousands of years. ▫ Minerals, fossil fuels (oil and coal) Environmental Factors Overpopulation • Number of organisms is too large for the available resources ▫ Human population (too many people in one area) ▫ Animal population (producers versus consumers) Human interaction How can we help? • Plant more trees and other vegetation ▫ Plants provide oxygen! • Recycle, recycle, recycle • Limit use of poisonous pesticides ▫ Use natural pesticides instead • Stop destruction of habitats ▫ Takes away food source and living spaces • Stop overhunting/overfishing Animal adaptation Temperature • Heat ▫ Large surface area to release heat (large ears on jack rabbit) ▫ Light colors to absorb heat (tan or beige coats) ▫ Sleeping patterns (sleep in burrows during day; hunt at night) Animal adaptation Temperature • Cold ▫ Extra layer of fat (polar bears, seals) ▫ Hibernation (bears) ▫ Thick coat of fur (camel: remember it DOES get cold in the desert) ▫ Huddling together (to conserve heat) Animal adaptation Precipitation • Waxy leaves (to conserve water) • Hump/storage portion of body (camel/Gila monster) • Large root system