Transcript Stimulating Beverages

• Seeds of Coffea arabica
• Native to mountain of Ethiopia
• Goats discovered stimulating properties of plant
• Caffeine-Alkaloid affects CNS
• Produced only by plants but can effect in animals
STIMULATING BEVERAGES
COFFEE
COFFEE PLANT-Coffea arabica
• Small evergreen tree or shrub with shiny leaves
• White flowers after fertilization develops a berry
“coffee berry” red at maturity
• Within cherry, fleshy white pulp surrounds two
greyish seeds
• Only seeds used for coffee production “Beans”
• Requires tropical and subtropical climates
• Cannot tolerate frost
• Fruiting starts 3-5 yrs of age and last for 35yrs
COFFEE TREE
COFFEE CHERRY AND BEANS
DEPULPING
• Wet Method (Latin America)
• Cherries floated in large tanks, residual pulp
clinging to beans allowed to ferment upto
24hrs
• After fermentation, beans washed and dried
and seed coats removed and roasted
• Dry Method: cherries dried while pulp
ferments
FROM BEAN TO BREW
• Flavor and aroma depends upon art of roasting
• Temp. and time crucial factors
• Light roast preferred in North America at temp. of
212-218C
• Dark roasts at 240C
• Lighter the roast, sweeter flavor
• Darker beans bitter in taste
• Chemical reaction during roasting involve
• Conversion of starch into sugar, begins with
temp. of 207C
• At slighter temp. (212-218C) sugars begin to
caramelize and beans turn brown
• At 238C, carbonization begins as sugar begins
to burn, leaving only carbon darkening bean
• Roasting may include release of essential oil
Caffecol giving coffee its characteristics aroma
COFFEE VARIETIES
• Coffea arabica
• 60 other species of coffee
• C. canephora and C. liberica
• C. canephora grown in Asia and Africa
has stronger and harder taste
• C. liberica bitter coffee and cultivated
in Asia
• High mountain coffee are best,
Jamaica Blue mountain finest one
Decaffeination is generally achieved by
Methylene chloride that removes caffeine
Ethyl acetate
Swiss water decaffeination method
Green coffee beans soaked in an aqueous
solution containing all chemical components
present in coffee except caffeine
• Caffeine present in beans naturally diffuses
out of beans in water
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DECAFFEINATION
• CO2 acts both as liquid and a gas
• Beans soaked in water, their size increases, and
dissolves caffeine
• Beans and water placed at top of large
extraction vessel, filled with supercritical CO 2
• As beans move to down of vessel (within 5hrs)
caffeine and some water diffuses out of beans
into CO2
SUPERCRITICAL CO 2 PROCESS
• CO2 in its supercritical state can penetrate the
beans as gas and can dissolve the caffeine as
liquid
• 90-99% of caffeine removed through this
method
• Decaffeinated beans removed and caffeine
extracted from CO2 for use in soft drinks and
pharmaceutical preparations
• Two cans of soft drinks contain caffeine
present in a cup of coffee
• Caffeinism
• Caffeine induces birth defects
• Common additive in soft drinks
• Coca-cola may have (45.6mg) Pepsi-cola
(38.4mg) Diet-coke (45.6mg) Mountain Dew
(54mg) Brewed Tea (40mg) in 12 ounce serving
TEA-CAMELLIA SINENSIS
Tropical and
sub-tropical
climate
• Small tree, shrub native to China, India, Tibet
• Black Tea, Green tea
• Essential oils and tannins determine taste and
aroma
• Aroma of boiling tea is due to its essential oil
Theol
• Jasmine tea, a semifermented tea
• Tannins in tea responsible for staining teapots,
teeth of habitual tea drinkers
• Black tea rich in tannins
• May have ant carcinogenic properties
• Polyphenols in tea interfere with key enzymes
needed for cancer growth
• Use of green tea in sun blocks to prevent skin
cancer
•
Stimulating effect of tea due to caffeine and
theophylline in leaves
• Within human body, during metabolism
caffeine converted to theophylline
• Useful for asthma
• Asthmatics can get relief through drinking
coffee or caffeine in emergency
• Columbus introduced
Cacao beans to
Europeans in 1502
• Source cocoa
• seed of Theobroma
cacao
CHOCOLATE
• Coca tree different from coca bush
cocaine
• Cultivated initially in Mexico
• Aztec mythology, god Quetzalcoatl gave
coca beans to Aztec people
• Coca beans offered as gift to gods
• Theobroma means “foods of the gods”
Cola nitida
seeds...source of
Coca-Cola drink
containing 13.5% water,
9.5% crude protein, 7%
cellulose, 3.8% ash,
2.8% caffeine, 0.05%
theoborine and kolatine
COLA NITIDA SEEDS