Transcript Title of Presentation - USA National Phenology Network

How to use Nature’s Notebook
Workshop
March 7, 2015
LoriAnne Barnett
Education Coordinator
Erin Posthumus
Liaison to USFWS, Outreach Associate
Opening Activity
Name, affiliation, and
What seasonal indicator
stands out to you the most?
Objectives of today’s workshop:
 Define phenology and explain its
applicability to understanding changes in the
natural world
 Understand the importance of recordkeeping.
 Understand long-term phenology monitoring.
 Apply phenology!
 Challenge!
phRenology
phOnology –
– a pseudoscience
focused on
measurements of the
human skull and size
of the brain
a branch of linguistics
concerned with the
organization of
sounds in
language
Just to be clear…
Activity 2
What do I KNOW about PHENOLOGY?!
What do I WANT TO KNOW?
10 minutes
PHENOLOGY
What is phenology?
The science of the seasons
• Blooms and buds
• Hibernation, migration,
emergence
• Easy to observe
Photo credit: P. Warren
…it is the study of the timing of
recurring plant and animal lifecycle stages, or phenophases,
and their relationship to
environmental conditions.
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Who observes phenology?
Photo credit: P. Warren
• Scientists
• Gardeners/Agriculturists
• Land managers
• Educators
• Youth
Photo credit: S. Schaffer
Photo credit: C. Enquist
ANIMAL >> Mammal, Bird, Snake, Insect
Activity
Reproduction
Development
Method
Observable life cycle events or
PHENOPHASES
PLANT
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Photo Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region,
via Wikimedia Commons
Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons
Observing is experiencing
Photo credit: P. Warren
Photo credit: P. Warren
Photo credit: E. Alderson
Photo credit: B. Powell
Photo credit: B. Powell
Photo credit: P. Warren
Photo credit: P. Warren
Photo credit: E. Alderson
Photo credit: B. Powell
Photo credit: B. Powell
Using nature as a guide
Tradition and Lore
November -Beaver Moon
September – Harvest Moon
Photo credit: B. Powell
February – Full Worm Moon
May – Full Flower Moon
“Tribes kept track of seasons by
giving distinct names to each
recurring full moon.”
http://www.farmersalmanac.com/full-moon-names/
Photo Credits: Wikimedia Commons unless otherwise noted
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Jefferson
Thoreau
Powell
Photo credit: Monticello
Garden re-created
Cloned lilac program
Photo credit: L. Barnett
HISTORIC LILAC
NETWORK
Photo credit: L. Barnett
ESTABLISHED IN THE
1950S
SANTA RITA
EXPERIMENTAL RANGE,
GREEN VALLEY, AZ
David Bertelsen,
Naturalist
Finger Rock – Santa Catalina Mtns,
Tucson
Finger Rock Trail,
Santa
Catalina
Mtns
What’s
Phenology
Tucson, AZ
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Collected by a single individual
1984-present
1480+ round-trip hikes (10 miles), 4158’ elevation gain
Approximately weekly
587 flowering plant taxa (group of species)
155K+ records of plant flowering.
73,000 vertebrate records
Photo credit: B. Wilder
Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel
Observing the same individual through the seasons
RECORD KEEPING
Ecosystems, climate, &
phenology
Photo credit: P. Warren
Photo credit: P. Warren
Photo credit: E. Alderson
Photo credit: B. Powell
Photo credit: B. Powell
Climate is what you expect…
-Mark Twain
Climate
Long-term average
of daily
weather in a given
area.
It is about…
…time
Weather
Day-to-day changes in the
Earth’s atmosphere.
Annual average MINIMUM temperatures – 30 years
http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/phzmweb/
BIOMES –World’s Major Communities
Classified by major vegetation, adaptations to environment
Optimum conditions=
NICHE
Desert
Aquatic
Forest
Grassland
Tundra
Elevation-Veg-Climate gradient
800 mm
Mile 4
Mile 3
Mile 2
Oak-pine
woodland
Oak woodland
Scrub grassland
Mile 1
Annual Average Temperature
Pine
forest
Annual Average Precipitation
Mile 5
10 ºC
Desert scrub
300 mm
20 ºC
Why is climate important to ecology?
Climate drives what
occurs where, what
lives where, and how
those species
respond to their
enviroment.
PLANT
LIFE CYCLE
Requires Optimum Conditions
GREEN
GROWTH
PLANT
LIFE CYCLE
Requires Optimum Conditions
FLOWER
PLANT
LIFE CYCLE
SET SEED
Requires Optimum Conditions
American kestrel
Active
Falco sparverius
R
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
R
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
©Wikimedia Commons
©Wikimedia Commons
LARVA
ADULT
INSECT
Complete
Pupa
PUPA
www.askabiologist.asu.edu
• Feeding times
• Following
brackish waters
• Water
temperature
• Spawning times
related to temp 55° - 68° F in
Chesapeake
Bay. April peak?
Photo credit: E. Stemmy
Chesapeake Bay
Spring Season for
Striped Bass =
May 16 – June 16
Understanding outdoor recreation schedules
Why are the timing of life-cycle
events important?
• SEASONAL CHANGE
• Species interrelations
Shifting weather and climate affect all of these
10 minutes
Activity 3
INTRODUCTION TO OBSERVATION
30 minutes
PHENOLOGY
CLIMATE CHANGE
Phenology and Climate Change
Research, spring timing and range
A three-way mismatch
EARLIER
English Oak
EARLIER
Winter Moth
SAME TIME EACH
YEAR
Pied Flycatcher
Both et al. 2006 Nature
www.globalchange.gov
 Drought
 Increased heat
 Decreased water flow
 Rising sea levels
 Extreme Events
 Understand Species Response
 Mitigation
 Adaptation
http://nca2014.globalchange.gov
 Decreased stream flow
 Change in species
 Increased nutrient load
 Monitor health of watershed
 Mitigation to limit impacts of pollutants
 Alternative water supply
http://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/climatechange/ccwatershed.htm
CHANGES in:
• Arrival, birth, feeding
• Shifting range boundaries
Changing morphology
• Extirpation or Extinction
• Economic impacts
http://www.ipcc.ch/
Photo credit: P. Warren
Photo credit: P. Warren
Photo credit: E. Alderson
Photo credit: B. Powell
Photo credit: B. Powell
Primary goal
• Create a standardized, longterm dataset for use in
multiple types of research.
UNDERSTAND HOW SPECIES
AND LANDSCAPES ARE
RESPONDING TO CLIMATE
CHANGE.
Mission
• Make phenology data, models
and related information
available.
• Encourage people of all ages
and backgrounds to observe
and record phenology.
Photo credit: C. Enquist
Photo credit: L. Romano
• ~4,500 active observers
• ~7,000 active sites
•1000+ species, many from 2009
•4.6M+ records
• Lilac data from 1956
ANIMAL
Activity
Reproduction
 Active
individuals
 Feeding
 Male combat
 Mating
PLANT
Leaves
 Young leaves
 Leaves
 Colored
leaves
Development
 Young
individuals
 Dead
individuals
Method
 Individuals
at a
feeding
station
PHENOPHASES
Flowers
 Flowers or
flower buds
 Open
flowers
Fruits
 Ripe fruits
 Recent
seed or
fruit drop
…How Many?
Leaves
Fruits
red maple
Photo: Ellen G Denny
Flowers
Open flowers : One or more open, fresh flowers are visible on the plant.
Flowers are considered "open" when the reproductive parts (male stamens
or female pistils) are visible between or within unfolded or open flower parts
(petals, floral tubes or sepals). Do not include wilted or dried flowers.
For Cornus florida, ignore the four large, white bracts and watch for
the opening of the small flowers in the center of the bracts.
Photo: Derek Ramsey via Wikimedia
Commons
Do you see…open flowers?
Do you see…..Flowers or Flower Buds?
Less than 3
3 to 10
11 to 100
101 to 1000
1001 to 10,000
Select the most appropriate bin
Write the bin on the line
More than 10,000
What percentage of all fresh flowers are open?
Less than 5%
5% - 24%
Select the most appropriate bin
Write the bin on the line
25% - 49%
50% - 74%
75% - 94%
95% or more
Reproduction
Method
Common loon
Photo: P199, Wikimedia Commons
Activity
Breaking leaf
buds
Leaves
Increasing leaf size
Colored leaves
Flowers or Flower Buds
Open Flowers
Fruits
Ripe Fruits
Recent fruit or
seed drop
DECIDUOUS PLANT PHENOPHASES
Breaking leaf
buds
Leaves
Increasing leaf size
Colored leaves
Flowers or Flower Buds
Open Flowers
Fruits
Ripe Fruits
Recent fruit or
seed drop
DECIDUOUS PLANT PHENOPHASES
What are some OBSERVABLE life cycle
events for
 The red maple?
 Common loon?
 Monarch
 Mayfly
After reviewing the definitions, discuss:
1. Something that you have seen before, or
is familiar
2. Something that is confusing
3. Something you’d like to understand better
The Observation Deck
Photo credit: S. Schaffer
The Observation Deck
Enter Observations Online
You MUST have your
account completely set
up online first to use the
mobile apps!
DATA DOWNLOAD
www.usanpn.org/results/data
"Snowman on frozen lake" by Petritap - Own
work. Licensed under Creative Commons @
Wikimedia Commons.
"Spring in Somerville, NJ - 2012 File 3" by
Siddharth Mallya - Own work. Licensed
under Creative Commons @ Wikimedia
Commons
"Owoce wisni" by Nova - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons
@ Wikimedia Commons
By Hans [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
2012. Primack, R. B, Miller-Rushing, A.J
Sandhill crane and geese
61 years
1999. Bradley, N.L., Leopold, C.A., Ross, J., Huffacker, W.
Nature's Notebook data on
flowering of 6 species of
deciduous trees and eBird
(Cornell Lab of Ornithology
2012, ebird.org) data on a
long-distance migratory bird,
the Tennessee warbler
Interannual patterns of
phenological synchrony and
overlap
New models incorporating Nature’s
Notebook data predict when leaves
will change color in the fall
Phenology helps to predict the
expansion of extremely allergenic
ragweed
Deciduous trees may leaf out
weeks earlier under future warming
www.usanpn.org/nn/vignettes