Introduction_to_Horticulture_2x
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Introduction
to Horticulture
Plants Parts
A World Without Plants
Find
a Partner
On your note card
Identify
why plants are so
important to the world
Provide Examples
Parts of a Plant
Leaves
Stems
Roots
Flowers
Fruits
or Seeds
Leaves
The
FOOD FACTORY
Produces
all the food required by the
plant or animals
Leaf
Structure
Petiole
– leaf stalk
Blade – flat, large part of leaf
Midrib – large center vein
Veins – structural framework
Margin – edge of leaves (assists in ID)
Leaves
Internally
–
Epidermis
– single layer of cells that is the
skin of the leaf – protect leaf from
excessive moisture loss
Guard Cells – open and close a small pore
on the underside of the leaf (stoma)
Allows
leaf to breath and transpire
Transpire
– give off moisture and exchange gases
(oxygen and carbon dioxide)
Leaves
Transpiration
is the evaporation of water
through plant leaves and stems through
the stomata (necessary for survival)
Transpiration
slows when adequate water is
unavailable (plant will begin to wilt)
If wilting continues into the evening, the plant
needs more water to prevent damage
Extreme
Drought – stomata close and
photosynthesis slows or stops
Leaves
Transpiration
Cools
the Plant
Maintains the flow of nutrients and
manufactured food from root to top
Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy =
Glucose + Oxygen
672
Kilocalories of Light – (1 molecule of
glucose and 6 molecules of oxygen)
Carbon Dioxide enters through the Stoma
Food made in the Leaves travels DOWN
through the stem to the roots
Food is used by plant or stored in the
stem or root in the form of sugar, starch,
or protein
Respiration
Respire
– 24 hours a day
Respiration – plant consumes oxygen and
gives off carbon dioxide (just like us and
animals)
Roots, Stems, and Leaves all use oxygen
As they grow they use oxygen and give
off carbon dioxide
BUT
– they produce more oxygen through
photosynthesis than they consume
BIG DIFFERENCE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Respiration
Photosynthesis
1. Food Used
Food Made
Sun’s Energy Used
2. Energy Released
Carbon Dioxide Used 3. Carbon Dioxide Given Off
Oxygen Given Off
4. Oxygen Used
Produces Sugar &
5. Produces Carbon Dioxide
Starch
& H2O
Requires Light
6. Goes on All Day and Night
Chlorophyll must be
7. Carried on in All Cells
Present
Stems
TWO
1.
Main Functions
Movement of Materials
Water
and Minerals (Roots – Up) [Xylem]
Manufactured Food (Leaves – Down)
[Phloem]
2.
Support of the Leaves and Reproductive
Structures
Flowers,
and Fruits or Seeds (Reproductive
Structures)
Stems
ECONOMIC
IMPORTANCE
Potato
(Modified Stem) – USED FOR FOOD
Asparagus – USED FOR FOOD
And
Trees
Several Others
– trunks – USED FOR BUILDING
MATERIALS
Roots
Anchor
and hold plant Upright
Absorb water and minerals from the
soil
Store large quantities of plant food
Propagate or Reproduce some plants
(First Three are Essential to All Plants)
Roots
Contains
Xylem
– Water and Minerals Up
Phloem – Manufactured Food Down
Root
Hairs – absorb moisture and minerals
Important for Cash Crops
Carrots,
Fibrous
Beets, Radishes, Sweet Potatoes
vs. Tap
Monocot
Fibrous
vs. Dicot
are easier to transplant
Flower Fruit Seed
The
Beauty of a Flower is necessary to
Attract Insects
When visited:
Fertilize
Seed)
Fruits
by pollination (Beginning of Fruit &
and Seeds are Attractive so:
Birds
and Animals will eat, collect, and
spread them
Flower
Complete
Male
and Female Parts – Can pollinate
themselves
Contain: Sepals, Petals, Stamens, and Pistil
Incomplete
Male
– OR – Female Parts
Contain: Sepals, Petals, Stamens (Male) Pistil
(Female)
Exit Slip
With
Partner
Back of Note Card
3 Things you Now Know, that
you Didn’t Know when you
walked in.