Transcript New crops
New crops Agricultural production 301 Presented by : Cherif Medhat Mohamed Presented to : Prof Dr Essam Shalaby Contents 1. Salsola kali L. 2. Jojoba Salsola kali L. Chenopodiaceae Russian thistle, Prickly saltwort, Tumbleweed, Glasswort Salsola kali L. Uses Young plants serve as useful fodder This is one of several plants burned to make soap On account of its high alkali content, the plant has also been used in making glass Salsolin has been used to regulate the blood pressure Description Annual herb spreading taproot stems bushy, much-branched leaves green leaves alternate mostly solitary Seeds numerous (to one million per plant) Description a low-water-use plant, germinating quickly on minimally disturbed soils, and relatively free of diseases and parasites Treated as a serious weed in Afghanistan and Argentina, a principal weed in Canada and Hungary, a common weed in Iran, Italy, Morocco, South Africa, and the United States. Listed also as weed in Australia, Chile, China, Egypt, Greece, Hawaii, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Turkey Jojoba Uses : The extracted oil is relatively pure, nontoxic, and resistant to rancidity. Most jojoba oil produced in the U.S. today is sold at a high price for use in cosmetics and hair care products The stability of jojoba oil makes it attractive to the electronic and computer industries since jojoba oil contains no cholesterol or triglycerides and is not broken down by normal metabolic pathways, it may become an important low-calorie oil for human consumption The oil can be used as an antifoam agent in antibiotics production Growth Habit Jojoba is a woody evergreen shrub or small multi-stemmed tree that typically grows to a height of 10 to 15 ft. Leaves are opposite, oval or lanceolate, gray green, and have a waxy cuticle that reduces moisture loss. The plant develops one or a few long tap roots (up to 40 ft) that can supply water and minerals from far below the soil surface. Jojoba is usually dioecious (male and female flowers are borne on separate plants). Female flowers are small, pale green and commonly solitary or in clusters at the nodes. Male flowers are yellow, larger Pollination occurs via wind or insect. The fruit is a green capsule which encloses up to three seeds Environment Requirements A. Climate: Jojoba is best suited to areas that are frost free When temperatures drop below 20°F, flowers and terminal portions of young branches of most jojoba plants are damaged Jojoba is very tolerant of high temperatures. B. Soil: Most wild jojoba populations occur on coarse, light or medium textured soils with good drainage and good water infiltration C. Seed Preparation and Germination: Jojoba can be planted by direct seeding or by transplanting seedlings to the field. In the southwestern U.S. many growers prefer direct seeding because it is less expensive, faster and requires less hand labor Cultural Practices Seeding Date: Jojoba can be seeded or transplanted to the field when the soil temperature reaches 70°F. Low soil temperature may delay emergence by as much as 2 to 3 months. C. Method of Seeding: Seeds are planted 1 in. deep, and emergence usually occurs within 20 days. The soil should be kept moist but not wet through emergence. Cultural Practices Spacing between rows depends on the harvester to be used. With hand harvesting and cultivation, rows can be as close as 10 ft. Harvesting: All seeds on a jojoba shrub do not mature at the same time, and more than one harvest may be necessary. Most jojoba is currently harvested by hand. Most jojoba is currently harvested by hand. Over-the-row fruit and berry harvesting equipment is adaptable to jojoba harvesting Drying and Storage: Jojoba seed that has been dried to around 10% moisture and protected from pest damage will keep for several years. reference Benzioni, A. and M. Forti. 1989. Jojoba. Pages 448-461 in Oil Crops of the World. G. Robbelen, R.K. Downey, and A. Ashri (eds.) McGraw-Hill Publishing Company; New York. 553 pages. Bloomfield, Frena. 1985. Jojoba and Yucca. Century Hutchinson Publishing, London. Foster, K.E., M.M. Karpiscak, J.G. Taylor and N.G. Wright. 1983. Guayule, jojoba, buffalo gourd and Russian thistle: Plant characteristics, products and commercialization potential. Desert Plants 5(3):112-126. Jojoba Growers Association. 1990. Jojoba Happenings, Newsletter of the Association. Phoenix, Arizona. National Research Council. 1985. Jojoba: New Crop for Arid Lands, New Raw Material for Industry. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Naqvi, H.H., G. Goldstein, C. Ratnayake, T. Ceccardi, and I.P. Ting. 1988. Jojoba breeding and agronomic investigations at UC Riverside. Proceedings: Seventh International Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses. A.R. Baldwin (ed.) American Oil Chemists' Society; Champaign, Ill. p. 395-409. Weiss E.A. 1983. Crambe, niger and jojoba. Pages 507-527 in Oilseed Crops. Longman; London. Yermanos, D.M. 1979. Jojoba: A crop whose time has come. California Agriculture. JulyAugust 1979. pp. 4-11