Transcript NYBG Webinar March 2014x - USA National Phenology Network

Nature's Notebook at the New York
Botanical Garden:
The power of citizen science in local
and national discoveries
Alyssa Rosemartin & Team
USA National Phenology Network
National Coordinating Office
Tucson, Arizona
Overview
 Why does phenology matter?
 What have data from the NYBG shown so
far?
 How do you get started in Nature’s
Notebook?
 How do you judge some of the trickier
phenophases?
 Question and answer session
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Photo credit: P. Warren
Observing change over time
I observed an unusual circumstance
this spring on the foothill of Moscow
Mountain, northern Idaho, elev. 3000‘.
I have been monitoring the arrival of
hummers for many years here--they
range in arrival from early to late
April. Usually the Calliope is first,
followed by the Rufous. Over the last
few years, the Rufous have been either
arriving at the same time or before
the Calliope. This year the two were
nearly simultaneous on Apr. 23. About
a week later I spotted the Black
Chinned--usually not often
seen, and never before late June/July
(followed in late summer by the
Broadtailed).
Structuring observations
April 23, 2012
Comparing regionally
What is phenology?
The science of the seasons
• Blooms and buds
• Hibernation, migration,
emergence
• Easy to observe
Photo credit: P. Warren
…it is the study of recurring
plant and animal life-cycle
stages, or phenophases, and
their relationship to
environmental conditions.
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Why do we care about phenology?
Flu
season
Wildfires
Festivals
Invasions
Ecotourism
Allergies
Agriculture
Slide courtesy of S. Mazer
Pests &
Diseases
A multi-taxa, national-scale
Plant and animal phenology
observation program
•
•
•
•
Standardized protocols
Web and mobile apps for data entry
Data download and visualization
3,000 observers reporting on 650 plant
and 250 animal species
Nature’s Notebook
is for scientists, naturalists, volunteers, land
managers, park rangers, and YOU!
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Nature’s Notebook
Overview
 Why does phenology matter?
 What have data from the NYBG shown so
far?
 How do you get started in Nature’s
Notebook?
 How do you judge some of the trickier
phenophases?
 Question and answer session
Summary of NYBG forest dataset
~200,000 records were
collected from 2009-2013:
Number of species observed
28
22
• 31 Species of trees
• 3 Trails
• 123 Individual trees
Top contributors were:
15
10
2009
10
2010
2011
2012
2013
Percent of Observations by Species
1. D. Gregg
2. S. Zucker-Scharff
3. T. Zucker-Scharff
Other species
28%
Red Oak
5%
American Beech
8% Sweetgum
8%
Pignut
Hickory
12%
Black Oak
11%
Black Cherry
10%
Red
Maple
9%
White Ash
9%
Duration of leafing and flowering
2013 at the NYBG Forest
Open flowers
Emerging leaves
red maple
Open flowers
Emerging leaves
Jan0 1
50
Feb 19
Apr100
10
15030
May
200
Jul
19
2507
Sep
30027
Oct
Dec350
16
pignut hickory
Open flowers
Emerging leaves
0 1
Jan
Feb50
19
Apr100
10
150 30
May
20019
Jul
250 7
Sep
30027
Oct
350
Dec
16
0
Jan
1
Feb50
19
Apr100
10
150
May
30
200
Jul
19
250
Sep
7
300
Oct
27
Dec350
16
black oak
Open flowers
Emerging leaves
Duration of flowering across years and
species at the NYBG Forest
2013
Red Maple
Pignut Hickory
Black Oak
2012
Red Maple
Pignut Hickory
Black Oak
2011
Red Maple
Pignut Hickory
Black Oak
2010
Red Maple
Pignut Hickory
Black Oak
0
Jan 1
50
Feb 19
100
Apr 10
150
May 30
200
Jul 19
250
Sep 7
300
Oct 27
350
Dec 16
How does the forest compare to rest
of the northeast?
Onset of Emerging Leaves in 9 Deciduous Tree Species
Nature’s Notebook Data
NYBG Forest Data
May140
20
May140
20
Apr120
30
Apr 120
30
Apr 100
10
Apr 100
10
80
Mar 21
80
Mar 21
Mar 60
1
Mar 160
Feb 940
Feb 940
20
Jan 20
20
Jan 20
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
How does the forest compare to rest
of the northeast?
Onset of Colored Leaves in 9 Deciduous Tree Species
Nature's Notebook Data
NYBG Forest Data
Dec350
16
Dec350
16
Oct300
27
Oct 27
Sep250
7
Sep250
7
200
Jul 19
200
Jul 19
May150
30
May150
30
Apr100
10
Apr100
10
50
Feb 19
50
Feb 19
0
2008
300
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Meanwhile in California:
Relationship between temperature and flowering
Species: Baccharis pilularis (Coyotebrush)
Site means reported from sites across California : GOGA-(15 sites), REDW-(5 sites), SAMO-(8 sites)
Climate data obtained from PRISM website: prismmap.nacse.org/nn/
2012: Onset of Open Flowers
Prediction for
Baccharis pilularis :
Warmer
temperatures
should result in
delayed flowering.
Slide courtesy of Susan Mazer
R2 = 0.67
y = 4.77x + 162.4
p < 0.0001
N=18 sites
Making predictions
Red maple (A. rubrum)
A. rubrum, 2080-2099
Jeong et al., GRL 2013
What about this spring?
Overview
 Why does phenology matter?
 What have data from the NYBG shown so
far?
 How do you get started in Nature’s
Notebook?
 How do you judge some of the trickier
phenophases?
 Question and answer session
Getting started in Nature’s Notebook
https://www.usanpn.org/user/register
Getting started in Nature’s Notebook
Getting started in Nature’s Notebook
Nature’s Notebook mobile apps
Free for Android and iPhone devices
Works without internet/data coverage
Map, animate and graph data
www.usanpn.org/data/visualizations
Overview
 Why does phenology matter?
 What have data from the NYBG shown so
far?
 How do you get started in Nature’s
Notebook?
 How do you judge some of the trickier
phenophases?
 Question and answer session
Tricky phenophases
1.
2.
3.
4.
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
A bit about phenophase intensity
 The definitions were written to be taken literally.
Deciduous tree phenophases
Breaking leaf buds
Leaves
Increasing leaf size
Colored leaves
Flowers or Flower Buds
Open Flowers
Fruits
Ripe Fruits
Do you see… breaking leaf buds?
Formerly known as “Emerging Leaves”
One or more breaking leaf buds are visible on the plant. A leaf bud is
considered "breaking" once a green leaf tip is visible at the end of the bud,
but before the first leaf from the bud has unfolded to expose the leaf stalk
(petiole) or leaf base.
Yes
No
Leaf stalk or petiole is visible.
Photos: Ellen Denny
No
2010
2011
2012
2013
Emerging Leaf Duration in NYBG Forest
White Ash
Tuliptree
Sweetgum
Red Maple
Northern Red Oak
Pignut Hickory
Black Oak
Black Cherry
American Beech
White Ash
Tuliptree
Sweetgum
Red Maple
Northern Red Oak
Pignut Hickory
Black Oak
Black Cherry
American Beech
White Ash
Tuliptree
Sweetgum
Red Maple
Northern Red Oak
Pignut Hickory
Black Oak
Black Cherry
American Beech
White Ash
Tuliptree
Sweetgum
Red Maple
Pignut Hickory
Black Oak
Black Cherry
American Beech
Emerging Leaf Duration –
Jan 10
150
Feb 50
19 Apr100
10 May
30 Jul200
19 Sep250
7
Oct300
27 Dec350
16
Do you see… leaves?
One or more live, unfolded leaves are visible on the plant. A leaf is
considered "unfolded" once its entire length has emerged from the
breaking bud so that the leaf stalk (petiole) or leaf base is visible at its point
of attachment to the stem. Do not include fully dried or dead leaves.
No – don’t count
leaves as either
leaves or colored
leaves after they have
lost all their
pigments, nutrients
and chlorophyll.
Do you see… colored leaves?
One or more leaves have turned to their late-season colors. Do not
include fully dried or dead leaves that remain on the plant.
Yes
… and it doesn’t
matter why
summer drought
…. Insect damage
or other stresses
Do you see… colored leaves?
One or more leaves have turned to their late-season colors. Do not
include fully dried or dead leaves that remain on the plant.
Yes, and  > 5% of leaves
colored
Or,
 Add a comment
(for example
“just a few
leaves, due to
stress”)
Do you see… flowers or flower buds?
One or more fresh open or unopened flowers or flower buds
are visible on the plant. Include flower buds that are still
developing, but do not include wilted or dried flowers.
Yes
Yes
Photos: Ellen Denny
No
Do you see… flowers or flower buds?
One or more fresh open or unopened flowers or flower buds
are visible on the plant. Include flower buds that are still
developing, but do not include wilted or dried flowers.
No
Photos: Ellen Denny
Yes
Do you see… fruit?
One or more fruits are visible on the plant.
Do you see… ripe fruit?
One or more fruits are visible on the plant.
Do you see… fruit?
One or more fruits are visible on the plant.
Yes for fruit
No for ripe fruit
Fruit: For Acer rubrum, the fruit is two joined seeds in a "V" shape, each
seed having a wing, that changes from green or red to tan or brownish and
drops from the plant‘
Ripe Fruit: or Acer rubrum, a fruit is considered ripe when it has turned tan
or brownish and readily drops from the plant when touched
Do you see… fruit?
One or more fruits are visible on the plant.
Yes for fruit
No for ripe fruit
Fruit: For Quercus rubra, the fruit is a nut (acorn), partially covered
with a "cap", that changes from green to green-brown to brown, red
brown or dark brown‘
Ripe Fruit - For Quercus rubra, a fruit is considered ripe when it has
turned brown, red brown or dark brown'
Do you see… fruit?
One or more fruits are visible on the plant.
Yes for fruit
Yes for ripe fruit
Fruit: For Prunus serotina, the fruit is a small,
fleshy "cherry" that changes from green to
purple-black or black'
Ripe fruit: For Prunus serotina, a fruit is
considered ripe when it has turned purple-black
or black'
Do you see… fruit?
One or more fruits are visible on the plant.
Yes, for fruit
Or
?, if the fruit is
small, hard to tell
Do you see… fruit or ripe fruit?
No, fruit or ripe fruit
Photos: Ellen Denny
Yes, fruit and ripe fruit
Do you see… recent fruit drop?
Yes, if a lot of unripe
fruit from your last
visit appears to have
ripened and fallen.
Yes, if a storm seems
to have brought a lot
of ripe fruit down.
?, if you cannot
determine if the fruit
is old or recent.
What is intensity?
If you answer “Yes” or “Uncertain” to a phenophase – you may be asked an additional
question about the degree to which the phenophase is expressed, for example:
How many buds are breaking?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Less than 3
3 to 10
11 to 100
101 to 1,000
1,001 to 10,000
More than 10,000
What percentage of the canopy is full with leaves?
5-24%
Less than 5%
25-49%
50-74%
75-94%
95% or more
What percent of the canopy is full with
leaves?
Photo: Anette Schloss
Start with a bare tree… no leaves
What percent of the canopy is full with
leaves?
Imagine it fully leafed out…
What percent of the canopy is full with
leaves?
* Ignore dead branches in your estimate.
Photo: Anette Schloss
Less than 5%
What percent of the canopy is full with
leaves?
Photo: Anette Schloss
5-24%
What percent of the canopy is full with
leaves?
25-49%
What percent of the canopy is full with
leaves?
50-74%
What percent of the canopy is full with
leaves?
Photo: Anette Schloss
75-94%
What percent of the canopy is full with
leaves?
Photo: Anette Schloss
95% or more
Leaves: 95% or more
Colored leaves: No
Leaves: 95% or more
Colored leaves: 75-94%
Photo: Anette Schloss
Leaves: 25-49%
Colored leaves: 25-49%
Resources
1. Start with the definitions, and
species-specific information.
2. Try the FAQ page.
3. Email [email protected].
Upcoming webinars
 Tuesday, April 8, 2014: Botany 101:
Plant parts and tricky phenophases
 Tuesday, June 10, 2014: A summary
of spring: What have we learned
from our campaigns so far?
 Tuesday, July 8, 2014: What came
first, the flower or the bee? Learn to
explore patterns in space and time
with our Visualization Tool
Overview
 Why does phenology matter?
 What have data from the NYBG shown so
far?
 How do you get started in Nature’s
Notebook?
 How do you judge some of the trickier
phenophases?
 Question and answer session
Thank you!
HOST
PRESENTER
Erin Posthumus
Outreach Associate
Alyssa
Rosemartin
Assistant Director & IT Coordinator
Q&A Panel
Theresa Crimmins
Outreach and
Partnerships
Coordinator
@TheresaCrimmins
Ellen Denny
Monitoring Design
Coordinator
Patty Guertin
Botanist
LoriAnne Barnett
Education
Coordinator
@LoriAnneBarnett