Transcript Specification of TNAU

New Developments
in Cotton Mechanization
Gautam Majumdar, Scientist
K. R. Kranthi, Director
Planting
Seed spacing is regulated
either by changing the
peripheral velocity, or
changing the number of hole
on the metering disc,
3 discs 16, 20 and 24 no of
holes were designed and
made
Seed singulating
mechanism
Designed based on the
optimized nipple parameters.
The singulator was made with
a sensitivity to disturb the
probable double or multiple
seed picked by the nipples.
Precision Planter
plant to plant spacing
45.67±0.08cm
Multiple seeds (%)
2.7
One seed (%)
96
Missed hill (%)
1.3
Planting
Zero Till Planter for cotton
Zero till planter is operated in
the field when the soil moisture
is about 24-27 % and stubble
height of previous harvested
crop not more than 15-20 cm
Eliminates
seed
bed
preparation as a separate
operation or combines it with
planting operation
Power (hp)
Metering
Seed
Fertilizer
metering
Furrow
opener
Cost, Rs
45
Particulars
Planter
Conv.
Cost of operation Rs/hr
366
390
Gear roller type
Cost of operation Rs/ha
508
650
Inverted ‘T’ type
Saving in cost over traditional method %
21.85
_
60000/-
Saving in time over traditional method %
16.77
_
Inclined plate
Planting
Vertical Rotor Precision Planter
Advantages of vertical rotor
metering mechanism :
reduced seed damage and
uniform seed placement
Patent Filed
Published
Pat. No.1559/MUM/2009
Commercialised
Cost Rs 10,000
plant to plant spacing (cm)
60±5
Depth of placement (cm)
6
Germination (%)
84
Field capacity h/ha
4.5
Planting
Happy seeder machine is
used for direct sowing of
wheat
in
combine
harvested paddy fields in
standing
stubble
conditions. An inclined
plate planter attachment
for planting cotton using
happy seeder in wheat
residue was developed.
This mechanism was
attached with happy
seeder for sowing cotton
in
standing
stubble
conditions.
Inclined Plate Planter
Tractor
35-45 hp
No. of rows
Adjustable, 6
maximum
Row spacing,
mm
300 - 950
(adjustable)
Field capacity,
ha/h
0.38
Particulars
Inclined Plate Planter
Happy Seeder
Depth of seed placement, mm
45-60
35-90
No of seedlings in 5 m length
25.50
24.25
No of missing hills
2.75
4.25
Percentage of singles
85.92
83.26
Percentage of doubles
7.04
8.37
Yield, q/ha
16.75
13.90
Cost saving, %
46.20
52.40
Spraying
For uniform and accurate
application and deposition
of pesticide and fungicide
400 liter capacity tank, 18
atomizer, centrifugal blower
and hydraulic pump.
Atomizers
release
the
pesticide
solution
into
stream of air blast produced
by the centrifugal blower.
The air blast distributes the
chemical in the form of very
fine particles throughout its
swath width behind the
tractor
Air Sleeve Boom Sprayer
Under side of the
leaves at any position
on plant received
effective number of
drops
when
airassistance
was
provided with the
sprayer.
Speed of operation, km/h
2.50 - 3.0
Field capacity, ha/hr
1.7-2.0
Effective swath width, m
8.8
Plant damage
Negligible
Tank filling time, min
27
Fuel consumption, l/h
3.5
Tractor operated air assisted sprayer in operation
 Enhanced coverage of
cotton
plant with spray droplets
 VMD was 248 mm and 261 mm at
forward speed of 2.5 km/h and 4.0
km/h respectively
 found to be 89.3% efficient with a
fuel consumption of 3.5 l/h and
effective field capacity of 1.34
ha/h.
Spraying
Solar Powered Knapsack Sprayer
Patent filed
Published
Pat. No. 1560/ MUM/2009
Commercialisation
Under Process
Cost : Rs 7000/-
Particulars
Dimensions, L x W x H
Tank, L x W x H
Tank capacity ltrs.
Field capacity hrs/ha
Weight, kg
Swath, cm
System pressure kg/ cm2
No. of sprays in one stroke
Refilling time, min
Solar operated sprayer
28 x 24 x 50
35 x 19 x 20
16
4
9.0
90
3.0
20
5m
LOK sprayer
37 x 17 x 44
37 x 17 x 30
16
6
6
70
2.5-3
5m
Weed
Management
Wick Applicator
Wick Applicator is used to
control weeds between the
rows.
Overall
dimensions
36x20x60 cm
Tank capacity
10 lit.
The systematic weedicides
which touch the surface of
plants, kill the entire plant.
Brush width
24 cm
Length of handle
40 cm
No. of orifices
12
Application rate
110-500 l/ha
Field capacity
11 hrs/ha
Spraying such chemicals
has the risk of killing nearby
cotton plants by drift of the
weedicides.
wick applicator only brushes
over the surface of the
weeds and eliminates the
risk of contaminating the
cotton plants.
Cost
of
1500/implements, Rs
The trap is power operated, shoulder mounted, portable, adjustable and sucks the
whitefly adults available on the underside of the cotton leaves without any harm either
to natural enemies or the crop.
Specifications of TNAU-Varun power weeder
Specification of TNAU-Varun power weeder
Overall view of TNAU-Varun power weeder
Weeding tool of TNAU-Varun power weeder
Particulars
Rated output, hp
Displacement
Weight, kg
Air cleaner
Fuel tank capacity
Starting method
Clutch
Speed
Power
transmission
system
Rotary type
Number of rotary tynes
Ground clearance ,mm
Width of rotary tiller, mm
Technical specifications
10.0
401cc, 3600mm
325
Oil bath
6.0
Rope start
Friction type, conical clutch
First gear – 100 rpm
Gear box and belt and pulley
Central drive
36
80
550
Inter row cultivator is an attachment to 5 hp diesel engine.
Sweep type blade.
Speed of operation 2.85 to 3.2 km/hr
Actual field capacity 0.25 to 0.3 ha/hr with 48 to 98% field efficiency.
Weeding efficiency was 85 to 86%.
•Alternative to till where other tillage techniques cannot be adopted.
•Tractor operated rotary spading machine for rice fallow cotton
•Used in cotton raised in flat beds at a spacing of 60cm to 1m.
•Resulted in 26.20 to and 97.9 per cent saving in cost and time
respectively over manual
Pat. No. 2076/ MUM/2014
Header unit - combs
and cross auger
Chain conveyor
conveying unit
Chamber for separating
the seed cotton
from carpels
Pre-cleaner to separate
larger trashes
Storage box
H
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Initial Cost
CICR
HARVESTER
Lower
Higher
Simple
Difficult
Row spacing
Any
Only wider rows
Technical skill of operator
required
None
Highly trained operator
required
Maintenance
Low
High
Spares
Available
Not available
Special chemicals required
Defoliants
Coolants, Wetting agents
(Not available in India),
Defoliants
Trash (%)
25
20
Pre-cleaner installed
Yes
No
Plant loss (%)
2
15
Field loss
5
12
Working speed kmph
2.66
4.5
Time taken hrs/ha
4.18
3.02
Operation
Tractor mounted finger type cotton harvester (55 hp)
Working width – 2050 mm (3 Row)
Overall weight ~ 3740 kg (Include Tractor weight)
Overall Height – 3048 mm
Conveying system- Belt with flight type (Under side flow)
Summary of Results
Picking efficiency of 97.9% leaving only 2.1% bolls unpicked
Header+cleaner+shattering losses 11.5% with a comb spacing of 16mm
Field capacity of machine was found to be about 2 hrs/ha including the
unloading and idle time of the machine
Onboard cleaner head an overall efficiency of 54% trash removal
Most efficient in removing burrs at 64%
Uniform Grid Bar spacing 13mm gave least trash at 17% with comparable
fibre properties with that of hand picked cotton
175mm pulley with Uniform Grid Bar spacing of 13 mm gave least trash
of 17% with least neps content
Recycling harvested cotton through Onboard cleaner reduced the trash of
45% at header to 12% i.e., 73% in 3 cycles
Cleaning machinery employed for processing of
machine picked cotton (ICAR-CIRCOT)
Cleaning Systems
Refinements
included
incorporation of variable
feeding
systems,
modification in the grid bars
and
providing
safety
arrangements like belt, gear
and chain covers
Cleaning performance of the
developed
machines
depends to a large extent on
the prior opening of the
cotton in a cylinder cleaner
Seed cotton
Modified Stick machine and Saw band cleaner
6-cylinder cleaner
Stick machine
Saw band cleaner
Cleaning Systems
Machine picked cotton
contains around 19.26%
total trash content
where the percentage of
dry leaves is highly
significant (i.e. 13.45%)
compared to the large
foreign matters (such
as sticks and
burs),which requires
special machines for its
separation
Cleaning machinery employed for
processing of machine picked cotton
Green leaves
Burs
Dry
leaves
Sticks
Immature Seeds/ Motes
Trash content separated from the machine picked seed cotton
Cleaning Systems
Cleaning machinery employed for
processing of machine picked cotton
Immatu
Seed
Bract
Green
Dry
Lint Trash
Stick
re
cotto
s/
leave
leave Total
seeds/
(g) content
s
n (g)
Burrs
s
s
motes
Control
Dry leaves which are dominantly
present in the machine picked
cotton get crushed and finely
maxed during ginning leading to
separation of finely mixed
particles partly through the grids
along with the cottonseed and
partly along with the lint, which
could not be even separated
using the trash separator.
Cylinder
cleaner
Stick
machine
Saw
band
cleaner
600
600
600
600
241
238
230
228
(g)
(%)
6.9
1.4
5.21
0.3
7.4
21.21
2.86
0.59
2.16
0.12
3.07
8.8
(g)
5.77
1.27
2.93
0.1
6.6
16.67
(%)
2.42
0.53
1.23
0.04
2.77
7.0
(g)
2.06
0.72
1.38
0.0
5.2
9.36
(%)
0.9
0.31
0.6
0.0
2.26
4.07
(g)
1.01
0.0
1.19
0.0
4.9
7.1
(%)
0.44
0.0
0.52
0.0
2.15
3.11
Best performance of the machine, it
should be operated at 30 degrees pull
angle, 4.19 m/s peripheral speed and 2
km/h forward speed.
The maximum pulling efficiency
of 86.63 percent was obtained
Technology Mission on Cotton
Mini Mission-I
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
New Delhi