Transcript Marine Algae PowerPoint

NSF Grant DRL-1316782
1.
To which kingdom do you think algae belongs and
WHY?
2.
Explain how algae get their energy?
3.
What are some examples of marine algae?
 They lack true leaves,
stems, and roots
 Most are
photosynthetic
 Include:
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Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)
Dinophyta
(Dinoflagellates)
Chlorophyta
Rhodophyta
Phaeophyta
Pneumatocysts
Thallus
Thallus is the complete body and all
portions can photosynthesize
Kelp Forest, California
Blades are leaf-like portions
- increase surface area
- no veins
Common Sea Lettuce
- Some algae have
pneumatocysts, or gasfilled bladders allowing
the seaweed to stay at
the surface
Cool Fact: some
pneumatocysts contain
carbon monoxide (CO)
Macrocystis pyrifera
Giant Kelp
- Some algae have a stem-like structure
called a stipe
Giant Kelp
- in
some seaweeds holdfasts are structures that
secure the thallus to the bottom
2 blades
Several sea palms at the Pillar Point
Marine Reserve. Half Moon Bay, San
Mateo, California
3 stipe
holdfasts 1
List the name of the part and
it’s function
1.
2.
3.
* Glaaucophyta = freshwater
*Xanthophyta = almost all freshwater
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Red algae
Multicellular
Important to coral reefs because it helps cement
the reef together
Phycoerythrins- red pigment which allows red
algae to live deeper in the water
Chelidonura Sea Slug
Most abundant and widespread macro-algae with
over 4,000 species
Examples: Irish Moss (left) and Nori (right)
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Multicellular
Green algae and land plants have chlorophyll a&b
Chlorophyll a- absorbs different colors of light and
used for photosynthesis
Chlorophyll b- helps to capture light
Cell walls made of cellulose
• only 10% of all 6,000-7,000 species are marine
• some species are endophytes, or plants that
live within the tissues of other plants
Sea Lettuce
Cladophora sericea-Invasive species on
West Maui, Hawai’i
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Brown algae varies from olive-green to dark-brown
in color due to yellow pigments
Multicellular
Holdfast- anchors the plants
Blades (like leaves)
Pneumatocyst: gas-filled bladders
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-Qj_LCae8A
Kelp is the most complex group of brown algae
• harvested for food in some parts of the world
• can be 100 m long and grow to 50 cm per day
-Why does it need so many pneumatocysts?
• form kelp beds or kelp forests in colder waters
of the N. and S. Pacific
Diver in Kelp forest at Ship Rock
Catalina Island, California
Kelp harvester in California
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Nuestonic community (organisms
that float on top of the water)
Drifting rafts of sargassum (brown
algae)
Found in the North Atlantic Ocean
(in the gyre)
Question:
What are
the biotic
and abiotic
factors that
would
affect this
area?
Cyanobacteria
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Also known as blue-green algae
Photosynthetic Major producers
– produce most of Earth’s oxygen
Unicellular
Prokaryotic cells
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No true nucleus
Hyella stella:
lives in Marine Limestone
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Unicellular, Golden
colored, some freefloating others colonial
Most productive
phytoplankton
Cell walls made of silica
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Coccolithophores – often used to
study climate change, ocean
acidification, & eutrophication
Diatom bloom- sudden increase
of diatoms
 usually during summer when
there is an increase in nutrients
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Unicellular
Use flagella to
swim
2nd most
productive
group of
primary
producers
Noctiluca & Symbodinium
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Algae Blooms
 Toxins: Ciguatera:
 causes seafood
poisoning (red snapper,
grouper)
 HABs (Harmful Algae
Blooms)
*cause Red Tide
 Overabundance of algae
that is harmful to the
marine organisms,
humans, a environment.
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the production and emission of light by a living
organism as the result of a chemical reaction during
which chemical energy is converted to light energy.
Found in the dinoflagellates
Ninety percent of deep-sea marine life is estimated to
produce bioluminescence in one form or another.
Bioluminescent algae Noctiluca Scintillans at Camp
Cooinda on the Gippsland Lakes
https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=uUbIWqiynBY&list=PL
TSht9sGRjqCNlB2YrhVBrSO6OGaxvD
w&index=10
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fvob6L
8q3I8&list=PLTSht9sGRjqCNlB2YrhVBrSO6OGaxvDw&index=9
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Oxygen production (90%)
Habitat
Food
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Marine Organisms
Human
 Gelatin (thickening agent)
 Toothpaste
 Sushi