Transcript type of reproduction

Cellular Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
 only one parent is
involved.
 100% of the genetic
material from the one
parent is passed on.
 Bacteria primarily
reproduce asexually.
Examples of Asexual Reproduction
Binary fission
 organism splits directly
into two equal-sized
offspring
 usual type of
reproduction in
prokaryotes (bacteria)
Examples of Asexual Reproduction
Budding
 formation of a new
organism by the
protrusion of part of
another organism
 common in plants and
fungi
 The picture to the right
is yeast budding (like it’s
growing out of the side
of the yeast)
Hydra Budding
 Hydra is considered an
animal and here it is
budding.
 Notice the protrusion
sticking out of the right
side of the Hydra.
Sporogenesis (spores)
 when plants asexually
produce small tiny spores
on their outside leaves.
 growths will usually
detach from the organism
and grow on another
medium such as the
ground.
 Some Fungi also
sometimes undergo this
process.
Vegetative
reproduction
 type of asexual
reproduction for plants
 new plant "individuals"
arise or are obtained
without production of
seeds or spores
Fragmentation
 fragment develops into a
mature, fully grown
individual
 new individual is a clone
of the original organism.
 Sea Stars, Fungi, and
some Worms do this.
Advantages of Asexual
Reproduction
 Only one parent is
required.
 If you have good genes it
is great because 100% of
them are passed on.
 Very quick reproduction
Disadvantages of Asexual
Reproduction
 no genetic variation
(if there is a genetic
mutation or disease they
are very hard to combat)
 Parents look entirely like
offspring. If humans did
this we would all look
the same. (not much
fun)
The Importance of Genetic
Variation.
 allows individuals within a given
species to adapt to their
environment
 we are different because of genetic
variation
 we are able to adapt this is known
as survival of the fittest or natural
selection.
 make organisms different and if it
occurs over a long enough period
of time we can get new species
Sexual Reproduction
 requires two parents
(sperm and egg)
 50% of the genetic material
is passed on from each
parent
 fair amount of genetic
variation because new
genes are integrated
(fertilized cell –zygote)
 Most multi-cellular
organisms reproduce
sexually
Advantages to Sexual Reproduction
 genetic variation
 Both parents are passing
on 50% of their genetic
material so it’s easier to get
rid of genetic mutations
and diseases.
 produces variation in the
population
 species is more likely to
survive if there are genetic
differences in the
population
Disadvantages of Sexual
Reproduction
 to find a mate
 Only ½ your genes are
passed on (this is bad if
you had great genes they
can be diluted)
 Slow process
Review: Compare and Contrast
 Mitosis - type of nuclear and cell division that is
used both in growth and asexual reproduction
 Meiosis - type of nuclear and cell division that is
used to make the sperm and eggs used in sexual
reproduction