Transcript Examining Flowers and Fruits

Examining Flowers
and Fruits
Basic Principles of
Agricultural/Horticultural Science
Problem Area 4. Identifying Basic
Principles of Plant Science
Reminder: student learning activities are at
the end of this power point.
Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards
Addressed!

WHST.6‐8.2 Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey
ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis
of relevant content. (MS-LS1-6)

RST.6‐8.7 Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a
text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart,
diagram, model, graph, or table). (MS-LS2-1)

WHST.6‐8.1 Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant
evidence. (MS-LS2-4)
Agriculture, Food and Natural
Resource Standards Addressed!
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PS.02. Apply principles of classification, plant anatomy, and plant
physiology to plant production and management.
PS.02.01. Classify plants according to taxonomic systems.
Sample Measurement: The following sample measurement strands are
provided to guide the development of measurable activities (at
different levels of proficiency) to assess students’ attainment of
knowledge and skills related to the above performance indicator. The
topics represented by each strand are not all-encompassing.
– PS.02.01.02.a. Describe the morphological characteristics used to identify
agricultural and herbaceous plants (e.g., life cycles, growth habit, plant use and as
monocotyledons or dicotyledons, woody, herbaceous, etc.).
Bell Work!
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Identify the major parts of flowers and
explain the functions of the parts.
Describe the types of flowers.
Explain the processes of pollination and
fertilization.
Describe the purposes and kinds of
fruit.
Explain the structure and kinds of seed.
Terms
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Complete flower
Cotyledons
Dry fruit
Endosperm
Epicotyl
Fertilization
Fleshy fruit
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Flower
Fruit
Hilum
Hull fruit
Hypocotyl
Imperfect flower
Incomplete flower
Terms
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Micropyle
Perfect flower
Petals
Pistil
Plumule
Pod fruit
Pollen
Pollination
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Radicle
Seed
Seed coat
Seed scar
Sepals
Silk scar
Stamens
Stigma
Interest Approach
Why are flowers important to
people?”
 What is the purpose of
flowers to a plant?

What are the major parts
of flowers?
A flower
is the reproductive part of
flowering plants.
Flowers are in many shapes and
colors.
• Some flowers are attractive and have
appealing fragrances.
• Some flowers are important as a step
in producing fruit and seed.
Parts of a Perfect Flower
Sepals
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The sepals are the outer parts of a
flower.
They cover the bud before it opens
and typically have a green color.
Sepals offer protection to the
developing bud.
They are in an outer ring known as
a calyx.
Petals
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The petals are located just inside
the sepals and are usually brightly
colored to attract insects and
promote pollination.
Petals protect the stamens and
pistil and help collect pollen from
the air.
Petals are in an inner ring known
as a corolla.
Petals
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The major parts of flowers are to
support the production of fruit and
seed.
Stamens
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The stamens produce pollen
and are the male parts of a
flower.
A stamen consists of a filament
and anther, which is a knob-like
structure at the end of a
filament.
Pistil
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The pistil contains the ovary,
which has ovules that are
fertilized by the pollen, and,
on some species, develops
into a large fleshy fruit
structure.
The pistil also contains the
stigma and style.
Pistil
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The stigma is the opening at the
end of the pistil for the entry of
pollen.
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The style leads from the stigma to
the ovary.
Pistil
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Pollen grains grow a long tube
through the style toward the ovules
and form two sperm.
One sperm unites with the ovule in
the ovary to form an embryo.
The other sperm forms tissue in the
developing seed known as
endosperm.
Parts of a Perfect Flower
Type of flower is based on the
parts found in the flower.
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A complete flower has four
principal parts: sepals, petals,
stamens, and pistil.
An incomplete flower does not
have all four principal parts.
Examples of an incomplete
flower: wheat and oats, which do
not have sepals and petals.
Parts of a flower determine if it
is perfect or imperfect.
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A perfect flower has the stamen and
pistil in the same flower.
An imperfect flower lacks either
stamens or pistils.
A flower that has stamens and not a
pistil is often referred to as a male
flower.
A flower that has a pistil but no
stamens is a female flower.
Parts of a flower determine if it is
perfect or imperfect.
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Plant species that have both male and
female flowers on the same plant are
known as monoecious plants.
– An example is corn.
Plant species with the male flowers and
female flowers on separate plants are
known as dioecious plants.
– Example is the grape of Cottonwood
tree.
What is pollination?

Pollination is the transfer of pollen
from an anther to a stigma of a
flower of the same species.
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It is an important process with crop
growers to assure fruit and seed
production.
What is pollination?
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Pollen is the male sex cell in plants.
Pollen is released by the anther
which is a part of the stamen.
It matures as a powdery substance
that may be moved by wind,
insects, or other animals.
What is pollination?
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The stigma is a part of the female
reproductive system of a plant.
The stigma secretes a sticky
substance that traps pollen.
After being trapped on the stigma,
the pollen grain grows a tube
through the style toward the ovule
(egg cell).
What is fertilization?
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Fertilization is the union of the
pollen cell with the ovule.
A pollen grain forms two sperm as
it reaches the ovule.
One sperm unites with the ovule to
form an embryo; the other sperm
forms tissue known as endosperm
in the seed.
Describe the purposes and
kinds of fruit.
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Fruit varies with the species of plant.
Some is large, such as watermelon
or pumpkin.
Other fruit is smaller, such as a bean
pod or cherry.
Fruit is the fertilized ovary of a plant
that grows to produce and protect
seed.
What are the purposes of
fruit?
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Once fertilization occurs, the flower
is no longer needed and dries up.
Seed are formed within fruit.
Fruit must be sufficiently mature for
the seed to be viable.
Good fruit formation is essential in
many crops because it is the fruit
that is often the most valuable
product of a plant.
What are the kinds of fruit?
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Fleshy fruit is large fibrous
structures that surround seed.
A berry is a kind of fleshy fruit that
is typically small, with strawberries
and tomatoes being examples.
A pome is a fleshy fruit with several
seeds such as an apple or a pear.
A drupe is a single-seeded fleshy
fruit such as plum or cherry.
What are the kinds of fruit?
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Dry fruit is formed as a pod or in a
hull.
Caryopsis are kinds of dry fruits
with thin walls such as wheat and
barley.
Samara are kinds of dry fruits with
wings attached to aid dispersion,
with elm, ash, and maple being
examples.
What are the kinds of fruit?
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Pod fruit has a definite line or seam
in the fruit, such as beans, peas,
peanuts, and cotton.
Hull fruit do not have definite lines
or seams in the shell of the fruit,
such as pecans and corn.
Explain the structure and
kinds of seed.
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A seed is a container of new plant
life.
Seeds are formed in the ovaries of
flowers.
Good pollination is essential to
assure an abundance of seed.
Seed are used to reproduce plants.
A seed must protect the embryo
and provide food for it to grow.
Explain the structure and
kinds of seed.
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Seed have many important uses to
humans, such as food production.
With some plants, such as
soybeans and corn, growers want
large yields of seed.
The seed of these plants are
valuable and not the fruit.
Explain the structure and
kinds of seed.
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With some plants, growers want
fruit with few or no seed such as
seedless grapes, watermelons or
oranges.
The fruit of these plants are
valuable rather than the seed.
Seed structure includes
external parts and internal
parts.
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External parts are designed to
nourish and protect the internal
parts of the seed.
Internal parts include an embryo
and needed food supply.
Seed structure varies with
the kind of plant
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Dicot
–bean seed
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Monocot
–corn seed
Dicot - Bean Seed
Dicot - Bean Seed
External
 Seed coat—The seed coat is the
outer covering of the seed that
protects the embryo from injury and
holds the seed together.
 Hilum - The hilum is the point at
which the seed was attached in the
fruit.
– The hilum is also known as the seed
scar.
Dicot - Bean Seed
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External - continued
Micropyle—The micropyle is the
tiny opening near the hilum through
which the pollen entered the ovule
to form the seed.
Dicot - Bean Seed
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Internal:
Cotyledons—The cotyledons are
fleshy-like structures that contain
food for the embryo.
Radicle—The radicle is the part of
the seed that forms the root system
of the plant.
Hypocotyl—The hypocotyl
connects the cotyledons and
radicle.
Dicot - Bean Seed
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Internal - continued
Epicotyl - The epicotyl forms the
stem of the plant.
Plumule—The plumule forms the
above ground part of the plant.
Monocot - Corn Seed
Monocot - Corn Seed
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External:
Seed coat—The seed coat protects
and shapes the seed.
Seed scar—The seed scar is the
place where the seed was
attached, such as a corn kernel to
the corn cob.
Silk scar—The silk scar is at the
end opposite the seed scar and is
the place where the silk was
attached to the ovule.
Monocot - Corn Seed
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Internal:
Endosperm - the endosperm is the
stored food in a monocot seed.
Radicle - the radicle, as with dicots,
forms the root system.
Hypocotyl - as with dicots, the
hypocotyl connects the radicle with
the food source.
Monocot - Corn Seed
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Internal - continued
Epicotyl -the epicotyl forms the
stems of monocots in a manner
similar to dicots.
Cotyledon - the cotyledon in a
Monocot absorbs food from the
endosperm and moves it to the
embryo.
Plumule - the plumule develops into
the leaves and stems of the plant.
Review
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Parts of a flower indicate its type.
Complete flower - has four principal
parts: sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil
Incomplete flower - does not have all
four parts
Perfect flower - stamen and pistil in
same flower
Imperfect flower - lacks either stamen or
pistil
Review
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Pollination - transfer of pollen from
anther to stigma
Pollen - male sex cell of plants
Stigma - female reproductive part
of flower
Fertilization - union of pollen cell
with ovule
Review
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Dicot = Bean seed
– Exterior parts: Seed coat, Hilum, Micropyle
– Interior parts: Cotyledons, Radicle,
Hypocotyl, Epicotyl, Plumule

Monocot = Corn seed
– External parts: Seed coat, Seed scar, Silk
scar
– Internal parts: Endosperm, Radicle,
Hypocotyl, Epicotyl, Cotyledon, Plumule
The End!
NEXT:
Student Learning Activities
Student Learning Activities
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Sample tests are available in the Lesson
Plan tab.
What is a flower?
Where are the sepals located?
What do sepals do?
5.
10)
9)
8)
7)
6)
5)
4)
3)
2)
1)
Name the 10 different parts of a perfect flower.
4.
3.
2. Why are flowers important?
1.
Examining Flowers and Fruits
Name: _____________________
Why are petals brightly colored?
What other purposes do petals serve?
What does the stamen do?
7.
8.
9.
13. Draw a perfect flower. Be sure to label all parts.
12. What does the ovary in the pistil do?
11. What is contained in the pistil?
10. What flower parts are located in the stamen?
Where are the petals located?
6.
22. What is pollination?
21. Name an example of a monoecious plant and a dioecious plant.
20. What are dioecious plants?
19. What are monoecious plants?
18. Describe the difference between male and female flowers.
17. What is an imperfect flower?
16. What is a perfect flower?
15. What is an incomplete flower?
14. What is a complete flower?
30. What is a pome?
29. What is a berry?
28. What is a fleshy fruit?
27. What is the most valuable product of a plant?
26. What is fruit?
25. Where dose pollen come from?
24. What is pollen?
23. Why is pollination important?
39. What are the two different types of seeds?
38. What are the internal parts of a seed designed to do?
37. What are the external parts of a seed designed to do?
36. What are seeds and how are they formed?
35. What is the difference between pod fruit and hull fruit?
34. What are samara?
33. What are caryopsis?
32. How is dry fruit formed?
31. What is a drupe?
5)
4)
3)
2)
1)
42. Name all of the internal pats of a dicot seed.
3)
2)
1)
41. Name all of the external parts of a dicot seed.
40. Draw a dicot (bean) seed. Be sure to label all parts.
Draw a monocot (corn) seed. Be sure to label all parts.
5)
4)
3)
2)
1)
45. Name all of the internal parts of a monocot seed.
3)
2)
1)
44. Name all of the external parts of a monocot seed.
43.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
Petal
What do sepals do?
The sepals are the outer parts of a flower. They are in an outer ring known as calyx.
Where are the sepals located?
10) Anther
9) Filament
8) Stamen
7) Sepal
6) Receptacle
5) Pistil
4) Ovary
3) Style
2) Stigma
1)
Name the 10 different parts of a perfect flower.
Some flowers are important as a stop in producing fruit and seed.
Why are flowers important?
A flower is the reproductive part of flowering plants.
What is a flower?
Examining Flowers and Fruits
Name: _____________________
What does the stamen do?
9.
13. Draw a perfect flower. Be sure to label all parts.
12. What does the ovary in the pistil do?
The pistil contains the ovary, which has ovules that are fertilized by the pollen and on
some species develops into a large fleshy fruit structure.
The pistil contains the ovary, stigma, and style.
11. What is contained in the pistil?
Filament and anther, which is a knob-like structure at the end of a filament.
10. What flower parts are located in the stamen?
The stamen produce pollen and are the male parts of a flower.
What other purposes do petals serve?
Petals protect the stamen and pistil and help collect pollen from the air.
They are usually brightly colored to attract insects and promote pollination.
Why are petals brightly colored?
The petals are located just inside the sepals. Petals are in an inner ring known as a
corolla.
Where are the petals located?
8.
7.
6.
They cover the bud before it opens and typically have a green color. They offer
protection to the developing bud.
21. Name an example of a monoecious plant and a dioecious plant.
Monoecious: corn
Dioecious: cottonwood tree.
Plant species with the make flowers and female flowers on separate plants are
known as dioecious plants.
20. What are dioecious plants?
Plant species that have both male and female flowers on the same plant are known as
monoecious plants.
19. What are monoecious plants?
A flower that has a postil but no stamens is a female flower.
A flower that has stamens and not a pistil is often referred to as a make flower.
18. Describe the difference between male and female flowers.
An imperfect flower lacks either stamens or pistils.
17. What is an imperfect flower?
A perfect flower has the stamen and pistil in the same flower.
16. What is a perfect flower?
An incomplete flower does not have all four principal parts.
15. What is an incomplete flower?
A complete flower has four principal parts: sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil.
14. What is a complete flower?
A pome is a fleshy fruit with several seeds such as an apple or a pear.
30. What is a pome?
A berry is a kind of fleshy fruit that is typically small, with strawberries and
tomatoes being examples.
29. What is a berry?
Fleshy fruit is large fibrous structures that surround seed.
28. What is a fleshy fruit?
Good fruit formation is essential in many crops because it is the fruit that is often
the most valuable product of a plant.
27. What is the most valuable product of a plant?
Fruit is the fertilized ovary of a plant that grows to produce and protect seed.
26. What is fruit?
Pollen is released by the anther which is a part of the stamen.
25. Where dose pollen come from?
Pollen is the male sex cell in plants.
24. What is pollen?
It is an important process with crop growers to assure fruit and seed production.
23. Why is pollination important?
22. What is pollination?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of a flower of the
same species.
Dicots and Monocots
39. What are the two different types of seeds?
Internal parts include an embryo and needed food supply.
38. What are the internal parts of a seed designed to do?
External parts ate designed to nourish and protect the internal parts of the seed.
37. What are the external parts of a seed designed to do?
A seed is a container of new plant life. Seeds are formed in the ovaries of
flowers.
36. What are seeds and how are they formed?
Hull fruit do not have definite lines or seams in the shell of the fruit, such as
pecans and corn.
Pod fruit has a definite line or seam in the fruit, such as beans, peas, peanuts, and
cotton.
35. What is the difference between pod fruit and hull fruit?
Samara are kinds of dry fruits with wings attached to aid dispersion, with elm,
ask, and maple being examples.
34. What are samara?
Caryopsis are kinds of dry fruits with then walls such as wheat and barley.
33. What are caryopsis?
Dry fruit is formed as a pod or in a hull.
32. How is dry fruit formed?
A drupe is a single-seeded fleshy fruit such as plum or cherry.
31. What is a drupe?
embryo form injury and hold the seed together.
Seed coat- the seed coat is the outer covering of the seed that protects the
43.
embryo.
Cotyledons—The cotyledons are fleshy-like structures that contain food for the
Draw a monocot (corn) seed. Be sure to label all parts.
5) Plumule—The plumule forms the above ground part of the plant.
4) Epicotyl - The epicotyl forms the stem of the plant.
3) Hypocotyl—The hypocotyl connects the cotyledons and radicle.
plant.
2) Radicle—The radicle is the part of the seed that forms the root system of the
1)
42. Name all of the internal pats of a dicot seed.
pollen entered the ovule to form the seed.
3) Micropyle- the micropyle is the tiny opening near the hilum through which the
known as the seed scar.)
2) Hilum- the hilum is the point at which the seed was attached in the fruit. (Also
1)
41. Name all of the external parts of a dicot seed.
40. Draw a dicot (bean) seed. Be sure to label all parts.
Seed coat—The seed coat protects and shapes the seed.
Endosperm - the endosperm is the stored food in a monocot seed.
6) Plumule - the plumule develops into the leaves and stems of the plant.
moves it to the embryo.
5) Cotyledon - the cotyledon in a Monocot absorbs food from the endosperm and
dicots.
4) Epicotyl -the epicotyl forms the stems of monocots in a manner similar to
source.
3) Hypocotyl - as with dicots, the hypocotyl connects the radicle with the food
2) Radicle - the radicle, as with dicots, forms the root system.
1)
45. Name all of the internal parts of a monocot seed.
where the silk was attached to the ovule.
3) Silk scar—The silk scar is at the end opposite the seed scar and is the place
corn kernel to the corn cob.
2) Seed scar—The seed scar is the place where the seed was attached, such as a
1)
44. Name all of the external parts of a monocot seed.
Label the parts of a bean and corn seed
and give a brief definition of the parts.
Name: __________________________
KEY
Label the parts of the flower.
Name: __________________________