Transcript File 4culturalpeoples-sit2015-16 printablex

KARANKAWAS

Location/Landforms:
 The Karankawa Indians lived along the
Gulf Coast
 Galveston Bay to Corpus Christi
 Marshland
 Goose Island Grove
KARANKAWA

PURPLE
KARANKAWAS

Housing:
 Karankawa houses held about eight
people and were easy to move.
 Small poles with mats of leaves, grass
and palm leaves
 Portable like and umbrella
KARANKAWAS

Food Source:
 They survived by fishing in coastal
bays and by hunting and gathering
wild plants near the coast.
 Fish/shellfish
 Wild rice
 Alligator
 Water plants
 Deer, bear, and bird
 sharks
KARANKAWAS
 Appearance:
 Karankawas were taller than most
Texas Indians. The average man
was about six feet tall. Both men
and women painted their bodies
with red clay or charcoal, and the
men pierced their lower lips and
chests with small pieces of cane.
They wore very little clothing. The
women wore clothes made of deer
skin or Spanish moss.
KARANKAWAS

FACTS:
 Nomadic
 Used alligator grease for insect repellant
 Pottery was waterproofed with natural
asphalt
 Dugout canoes
 Special ceremony dance (mitoks)
ATAKAPAN

Location/Landforms:
 South of the Caddoes lived Indians
who spoke a language called
Atakapan. The lived in five bands or
small tribes spread across the coastal
plains from Louisiana to Galveston
Bay.
 Coastal Area
 Marshland
ATAKAPAN
• circled
ATAKAPAN
 Housing:
 Atakapan houses were cone shaped
buildings of
 Smaller than Caddo and portable like
an umbrella
ATAKAPAN
 Food
Source:
 Fish, sea life, deer, bear, bird, shark,
and alligator (sea food)
ATAKAPAN
 Appearance:
 Short and stocky
ATAKAPAN
facts:
 Tanned animals with deer brains
(French fought over these hides)
 Nomadic
COAHUILTECANS

circled
COAHUILTECANS

Location/Landforms:
 Southwest Plains and the Rio Grande
area toward Northern Mexico. Bottom
part of Texas. They lived in hundreds
of independent bands.
 Mesquite thickets, desert, scattered
grasslands, and cactus
COAHUILTECANS

Housing:
Coahuiltecans lived in
dome-shaped huts made
by cutting and bending
young trees and covered
them with reed mats and
animal hides. They could
quickly roll up the mats
and hides, place on their
backs to carry, and move
to the next camp.
COAHUILTECANS

Food Source:
 The Coahuiltecans were huntergatherers. They ate snakes, lizards,
armadillos, worms, snails, spiders, and
insects (ants).
 With meat in short supply, plants formed
the major part of the Coahuiltecans diet.
Women and children gathered leaves,
cactus tuna (nopalitos), fruits, mesquite
beans (very sweet), and nuts.
 They also hunted deer, javalinas, and
rabbit
COAHUILTECANS

APPEARANCE:
 Yucca sandals
 Rabbit skin shawls
 Long, loin cloths
COAHUILTECANS
 FACTS:
 The most primitive or least
advanced tribe of all the Texas’
tribes
 Nomadic
 Had an ambush technique and
would then run for days
 Would use a burning torch to
attract fish (night)
CADDO
 LOCATION
 The Caddoes were part of a larger
culture known as the Mississippian
or Mound Builder Culture.
 Caddoes first moved into the Piney
Woods during the Late Prehistoric
period.
 East Texas
 Rich soil and plenty of rainfall
CADDO
• circled
CADDO

Housing:
 Caddo houses were cone shaped buildings
of poles covered with cane, grass, & mud
 Sturdy, beehive shaped houses
 Small hole in the top for fires
 More than one family
CADDO

Food Source/Daily Life:
 They fished and hunted deer and small
animals (rabbit). Crops were more
important in their diet than meat and fish.
Major crops included corn, beans, squash,
and sunflower seeds.
 Sometimes buffalo
CADDO

Appearance:
 Caddoes made most of their clothing
from deerskin, which they tanned a
deep black. They wore mostly skirts
and leggings
 Men and women tattooed streaks on
their faces and plant and animal
designs on their bodies.
CADDO
 Trading:
 They traded beautiful clay pottery &
hunting bows, they received shells from
the Gulf Coast, turquoise from the
Southwest, copper from the Great Lakes
region. Skilled workers used these
trade goods and made useful &
decorative objects. The fact that
Caddoes had such specialized craft
workers shows how advanced their
culture was.
CADDO facts
They were organized into 3
confederacies or alliances of people or
groups that unite for a common
purpose.
 The Caddoes had the most advanced
culture of all Texas Indians. Even in
prehistoric times, they settled in
villages, lived and farmed in small
clearings in the forest.
 Men helped the women with crops
 Built mounds for burial and worship

WICHITA

LOCATION:
 For protection, villages joined together to
create three tribes- Tawakonis, Wacos, and
Wichitas.
 West of Caddo
 Moved along the Red River and Brazos River
 Rich, sandy soil
WICHITA
• circled
WICHITA

Housing:





Clay floors
Dug moats around the houses
Look much like the beehive Caddo houses
“Spirit” door
Tipis when hunting buffalo for the skins
WICHITA

Food Source:
 The Wichita were farmers who tended large
fields of corn, pumpkins, squash, melons,
beans, and groves of plum trees.
 After the fall harvest, entire bands left their
homes and spent the winter hunting buffalo.
During these months they lived in tipis. A tipi is
a cone-shaped tent made of poles covered with
animal skins. In the springtime the bands
returned to villages and planted crops again.
 The Wichita would make pemmican (jerky) out
of the buffalo.
WICHITA

Appearance:
 The Wichita people, were shorter &
darker then most other Texas Indians.
Men had tattoos around their eyes
“raccoon eyes.” Women tattooed their
faces & bodies w/zigzag lines, circles,
& triangles
WICHITA

Facts:
 Lakes and cities named for them
 Made lots of things from pumpkin (ropes,
baskets, etc.)
 Farmers and Hunters
COMANCHES

Location/Landforms:
 The 1st Comanches lived in the northern Rocky
Mountains in what is now Wyoming. They were poor
hunter gatherers and their environment offered little
food. After they acquired horses from the Spanish
they left the mountains to hunt buffalo. They became
expert riders.
 They first appeared in New Mexico and the Texas
Panhandle in the early 1700’s. Over time, at least 13
bands of Comanche roamed the plains. Each band had
a chief with limited power. He could act only with the
approval of the band’s council. All adult males were
members of the council. The entire council had to
agree for decisions to take effect.
COMANCHES

Food Source:
 The Comanches entire way of life
depended on the buffalo. The animals
provided clothing, shelter, and most of
their food.
 The Comanches were nomads: people
who wander from place to place in
search of food.
COMANCHES

Housing:
 Like other Plains Indians, the
Comanches lived in tipis.
COMANCHES

Appearance:
 They decorated their bodies and made
most of their clothing from buffalo
hides. Comanche women had short
hair. Men allowed their hair to grow
long, parting it in the middle, with
braids on each side.
More special information about
the plains peoples


The Apaches were
a warlike people
and forced other
tribes, like the
Tonkawas, to
move to other
territories.
The Kiowas
practiced the Sun
Dance, an
important and
elaborate
religious
ceremony.
The Diet of the plains peoples






Buffalo
Deer
Corn
Beans
Pumpkins
Watermelons
APACHES
• JUMANO
BLUE (took
over the
area)
APACHES

Locations/Landforms:
 Around A.D. 1000, a Native American
people moved south from the present-day
Canada across the Great Plains. They posed
a threat to the people who already lived on
the land. In order to survive, these
newcomers became fierce fighters.
 “Apache” comes from the Zuni word apachu,
which means “enemy”.
 Two of the Apache tribes, the Lipans and
Mescaleros, were very important to Texas
history.

APACHES
Housing/Food Source:
 The Lipans 1st appeared in the Texas Panhandle in
the 1500’s. They lived as independent bands. The
Lipans wore clothes made of deerskin. To keep
warm in the winter, they wrapped themselves in
buffalo hide robes. Buffalo hides also covered their
tipis.
 The Lipans hunted buffalo and other animals and
sometimes farmed. During spring and summer they
lived in small villages where the women planted and
harvested crops of corn, beans, pumpkins, and
watermelons. In the fall and winter they moved
about, following buffalo.
 The Mescaleros were among the Apache tribes that
settled in New Mexico. Their lands stretched from
present-day El Paso to the Pecos River. Unlike the
Lipans, the Mescaleros were a hunting and gathering
people.
The homes of the plains peoples

Tipis, also known as
Teepees
The location of the Puebloan
peoples


West Texas
Mountains and
Basins region
of Texas
The homes of the Puebloan
Peoples


Adobe pueblos
Huts covered with
grass or animal skins
The Diet of the Puebloan
Peoples
Corn
 Beans
 Squash
 Cactus
 Deer
 Birds
 Rabbits
 Fish

JUMANOS

Housing:
 Jumanos farmed and lived in pueblos
made of adobe.
JUMANOS

Location:
 Around A.D. 1200 the Jumanos
established villages on the land
between the Pecos River & the Rio
Grande.
JUMANOS

Food Source:
 The Jumanos grew corn, beans, and
squash. Most of their fields were
close to the river and streams,
providing them with reliable sources
of water. Unlike in most other Texas
Indian cultures, Jumano men did most
of the farming.
 Farming was difficult during droughts,
or periods with little or no rain.
JUMANOS

Trading:
 The Jumanos were great traders.
They supplied corn and other crops
from the farming villages to Plains
Indians. In return they received
animal hides, meat and wild nuts and
beans.
JUMANOS

Appearance:
 They painted their faces in horizontal
lines. Men cut their hair short except
for one long lock, to which they
attached feathers. Women had long
hair, which they sometimes wore in
braids.
 The arrival of the Apaches ended the
Jumanos’ trade and drove the
Jumanos toward the Rio Grande.
TIGUA

Location:
 The Tiguas are the oldest group of
Native Americans still living in Texas
today. They settled along the Rio
Grande, in a pass between two
mountain ranges. There they
established the town of Ysleta. It was
the first permanent town in Texas.
TIGUA

Food Source/ Daily Life:
 The Tigua way of life is similar to that of
the Jumanos and Conchos. They were
farmers, and most of their food came from
the corn, beans, and squash they grew.
Their meat came from deer, rabbits,
antelope, and other game that the men
could find. Women and children gathered
berries and other wild foods.
 The council governed the tribe and elected
the chief, who served for life. The chief,
was the Tiguas’ religious leader.
More special information about
the Puebloan Peoples


Kiva: large room
where the tribal
council met and
where other
community
activities occurred
Cacique: Spanish
word for a Tigua
religious leader