Transcript EARTH`S WATERS: 1.2: Fresh Water Flows and Freezes on Earth

Earth’s Waters
Water Continually Cycles – 1.1
 Water is a solid, liquid, & gas.
 71% of earth’s surface is water.
 Our body is two-thirds water.
 Fresh water – water that is not salty and
has little or no taste, color, or smell.
 Salt water – water that contains
dissolved salts and other minerals.
 97% of earth’s water is saltwater
 Water Cycle – the continuous movement
of water through the environment of the
earth.
 4 major processes:
– Evaporation
– Condensation
– Precipitation
– Collection
 Evaporation – water changes from liquid to
vapor through heat energy from sun.
 Condensation – water vapor in the
atmosphere becomes a liquid – occurs as air
cools.
 Precipitation – water that falls from clouds:
rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
 Collection – water falls to the ground and is
collected in oceans, rivers, lakes, & streams.
Groundwater – water seeps into the ground,
can stay for days or millions of years.
 Runoff – water from precipitation sinks into
the soil or flows into streams or rivers.
 Transpiration - Plants release water into the
air from their leaves. They are part of the
water cycle – pull water up from ground,
release water into air from leaves.
 When salt water evaporates, the salt is left
behind.
 85% of water that evaporates on earth is from
the oceans
 Precipitation is fresh water.
The Water Cycle Song
Sing to the tune of Oh My Darling
Clementine
Evaporation, Condensation,
Precipitation trickling down
Its called the water cycle
and it’s happening right now
Another Water Cycle Song
Sing to the tune of She’ll be Coming Round the
Mountain
Water travels in a circle yes it does.
Water travels in a circle yes it does.
It goes up as evaporation
Forms clouds as condensation
Then comes down as precipitation yes it does.
EARTH’S WATERS:
1.2: Fresh Water Flows and
Freezes on Earth
 Divide: A ridge or continuous line of
high land, from which water flows in
different directions.
 Drainage basin: (or watershed) is an
area into which all of the water on one
side of the divide flows.
•When it rains in a drainage
basin, the water forms
streams and rivers or sinks
into the ground.
Surface Water Collects in
Ponds and Lakes
 Lakes and ponds form where water
naturally collects in low parts of land.
 Water can fill a lake in a couple of ways:
1. When land is below the level of
underground water, the low land fills
with water.
2. Can come from a stream or river, and can
leave from a lake by a stream or river.
Lake Turnover
 Turnover: The rising and sinking of cold
and warm layers in a lake. Turnovers occur
twice a year as the seasons change.
 The water in a lake is not as still as it
appears. The changing temperatures of the
seasons affect the water and cause it to
move within the lake in a yearly cycle.
Eutrophication
 Eutrophication: An increase of nutrients in
a lake or pond where the pond/lake
becomes a meadow.
 A lake does not remain a lake forever.
Through natural processes, (thousands of
years) most lakes become meadows, fields,
grass, etc. The activity of the life of a lake
is based on nutrient levels (eutrophication).
FROZEN WATER
 2/3 of the Earth’s fresh water is frozen
land near the poles.
 Glacier: Large mass of ice and snow
that moves over land.
 Two types of glaciers: (1) continental
glaciers (cover huge land masses),
(2) valley glaciers (in mountains)
ICEBERGS
 Iceberg: A mass of ice floating in the
ocean.
 Icebergs as tall as 150 ft. above sea
level have been found (only about 1/8
can be seen above the surface!)
 Most of the floating icebergs are
below the water’s surface.
 Water in an iceberg may have been
frozen for 15,000 years.