Transcript Reproduction

Reproduction
OF THE PLANT VARIETY
Reproduction
 Has made the continuation of life possible
 Ensures the survival of the species
 2 Types of reproduction:
 - Asexual : only need one living organism
 - Sexual: need a male and a female parent
Plants
 Plants can reproduce
both sexually and
asexually
Asexual reproduction in plants
 Can reproduce from a part of
their own organism (root,
stem, or leaf)
 Example: Strawberry plants,
the trembling aspen forest
Sexual reproduction
 3 forms of sexual reproduction in plant
kingdom
 - flowers (flowering plants)/angiosperms (enclosed seed)
 - cones (conifers)/gymnosperms (naked seed)
 - spores (algae, mosses, ferns)
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Seeds contain everything needed to create a new plant.
-Embryo (small immature plant)
- cotyledon (food reserves)
- seed coat (protective covering)
 Stamen : Male parts
 - anther: where pollen is
produced and stored
 -Pollen grains contain
male gametes
(spermatozoa)
 Pistil : Female parts
 - stigma: sticky surface
which captures pollen
grains
- ovary: swollen base
that contains female
gametes (ovules)
- ovules: female
gametes
Pollination
 Two types:
 - Self-pollination : pollen is
transferred to the pistil of
the same flower
 -Cross-pollination : the wind
and/or insects carry pollen
to the pistil of a different
flower
Fertilization
 During fertilization the
male and female
gametes combine to
form a zygote
 A zygote is the cell
containing complete
genetic material
Animal Reproduction
 Invertebrates = about 97% of all animal species
- They reproduce either asexually or sexually
 Vertebrates
 - Most reproduce sexually
Sexual Reproduction
 Male animals  produce male gametes
(spermatozoa)
 Female animals produce female gametes (ova)
 Both the male/female gametes contain half of the
genetic material of the future offspring.
Steps of vertebrate reproduction
 1) male gamete fuses with female gamete
 2) zygote is formed
 3)zygote divides and transforms into embryo
 4)embryo develops into small animal (baby)
 5) baby animal becomes adult and produces their
own gametes
Mating
 During mating, two
individuals of an
animal species unite
to combine their
gametes to achieve
fertilization
Fertilization
 Fertilization occurs
when a spermatozoa
and ovum combine
Types of fertilization
 1) external : the
gametes combine
outside the bodies of
both parents (fish)
 2) internal : the
gametes combine inside
the female’s body
Hermaphrodites
 Equipped with both male
and female reproductive
parts.
 (example : worms)
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