Transcript The Plant industry part 2

3.03-3.04
1. Soil is the top layer of the Earth’s surface and is
the primary medium of cultivated plants.
a. Topsoil
b. Subsoil
c. Parent material
2. Sphagnum moss is used for encouraging root
growth under certain conditions.
3. Peat moss consists of partial decomposed
mosses in waterlogged areas called bogs.
4. Perlite is a volcanic glass material that has
water-holding capabilities and used for starting
new plants and in media mixes.
5. Vermiculite is a mineral- type mica used for
starting plant seeds and cuttings and in media
mixes.
1. Most soil amendments are made to add
organic matter, specific nutrients or modify soil
pH.
2. Improper soil/media pH will have the most
impact on the availability of nutrients in the
soil/media.
3. The pH is the measure of the degree of
acidity or alkalinity. The pH scale ranges from 014.
4. Soil/media with high alkalinity are made
more acidic (lowering the pH) by adding sulfur or
aluminum sulfate.
5. Soil/media with high acidic level is made
more alkaline (raising the pH) by adding lime.
Lime is usually applied as finely ground
dolomitic limestone that supplies both Ca
(calcium) and Mg (magnesium).
1. A complete fertilizer contains the three
primary nutrients: N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus),
and K (potassium). Ex. 15-5-25
2. Organic fertilizers include animal manures
and compost made with plant or animal products.
Examples are:
a. Dried cow manure
b. Bone meal (high in phosphorus)
c. Blood meal
3. Organic fertilizers are usually slow acting
and long lasting forms of N but lacking in the
other primary nutrients (except bone meal).
4. Inorganic fertilizers have a higher analysis of
soluble nutrients that have been blended together
for a specific purpose. Example: 16-4-8.
1. Broadcasting or evenly spreading over the
entire surface of a lawn or other growing area.
2. Side-dressing is done by placing fertilizer in
bands about 8” from the row of growing plants.
Popular for field crops like corn and soybeans.
3. Foliar application is the spraying of liquid
fertilizer directly onto the leaves of plants.
1. Roots
a. Generally two types – fibrous or tap root
systems.
b. Their function is to anchor the plant and take in
water and nutrients.
2. Stems
a. Two basic types of aboveground stems –
woody and herbaceous.
b. The stem supports other plant parts such as
leaves, flowers, and fruit.
c. Through it, water and nutrients are carried up
to the leaves and sugar made in the leaves is
transported down to the roots.
WOODY
HERBACEOUS
3. Leaves
a. The leaf manufactures food for the plant by
using light energy (photosynthesis). The chemical
equation for photosynthesis is:
light energy
6 CO2 + 6 H2O
=
C6H1206 + 6 02
Chlorophyll
b. Photosynthesis occurs best in a temperature
range of 65-85 degrees F.
c. Leaves are very useful in identifying plants and
vary greatly. The leaf margin (edge), shape and
arrangement are all important in plant
identification
4. Flowers
a. The primary function of flowers is the
production of seed.
b. The male flower part is the stamen (anther,
filament) and the female part is the pistil (stigma,
style, ovary).
c. Flowers can be male, female or both.
d. Petals attract insects to aid in pollination.
5. Fruit
a. The ovary (lower part of the pistil) of a flower
matures into a fruit that surrounds the seeds. Ex.
Apple
b. Seed develops in the female part (pistil) of the
flower. The seed has 3 basic parts:
1) Seed coat- protection for the seed
2) Endosperm – food for the seed
3) Embryo – baby plant
1. Transplanting – can be done by hand or
machine and is done in all areas of horticulture. It
involves moving a young plant from one location
to another. Example: a seedling tomato from a cell
pack in the greenhouse into a home garden.
2. Propagation – is increasing the number of a
plant species or reproduction of a species.
a. Sexual – is the use of seeds for reproducing
plants.
b. Asexual (vegetative) – is the use of a part or
parts of a plant for reproducing plants. This
results in an exact duplication of the parent plant.
1) Cuttings (stem) – vegetative parts that the
parent plant uses to regenerate itself. Example:
Swedish ivy. Rooting hormones are often applied
to the cutting to speed up the development of
roots. Example: Purple Wandering Jew
2) Division – is a method of dividing or
separating the main part of a plant into smaller
parts. Example: Snake plant
3) Grafting – is the method of joining two plants
together to grow as one. Example: Apple trees
4) Tissue culture (biotech method) – is the use of a
very small piece of a plant (explant) to produce a
large number of new genetically identical plants.
Example: Boston Ferns
1.
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7.
Please list 3 types of soil media.
What should I add to a soil that is very acidic?
Please give one example of an organic
fertilizer.
Please explain the fertilizer application of
broadcasting.
What temperature range does photosynthesis
work best?
What are the 3 parts of a seed?
Please list 3 ways of asexual reproduction.
Flower anatomy assignment
1. Choosing the right tool for a job will promote
safety in the shop and workplace.
2. Caring for tools and keeping them in good
working condition will promote safety in the shop
and workplace.
1. The thinking person will make every reasonable
effort to work safely.
2. Examples of plant science related tools (all from
FFA list)
a. Bulb planter –planting and transplanting bulbs
b. Grafting tool – preparing woody parts for grafting
c. Hose bib –valve for attaching a water hose and
turning water supply on and off.
d. Lopping shears – Cutting large branches when
pruning shrubbery.
e. Pruning saw – sawing limbs from shrubbery and
trees
f. Pruning shears – cutting and shaping shrubbery
g. Hedge shears – trimming and shaping shrubbery
h. Soil auger – boring into soil to get samples
i. Soil thermometer – determining soil temperatures
j. Soil tube – obtaining soil for testing
k. Water breaker – reduces the impact of water
pressure on soil and plants.
1.
2.
Choosing the _______ tool for a job will
promote safety in the shop and workplace.
Please define the following tools:
a. pruning saw
b. bulb planter
c. soil tube
d. hose bib
e. hedge shears
Tool Identification Power Point Activity –Create a
PowerPoint of the tools listed showing a picture
of the tool and text telling the use of the tool