Transcript 1. Use each of the following terms in a separate

Using Key Terms
1. Use each of the following terms in a separate
sentence: biome and tundra.
A biome is characterized by biotic and abiotic factors.
Tundra is in polar regions and at the top of the
mountains
Using Key Terms
2. Write a definition of the following of these terms:
savannah and desert.
Savannah is a grassland that has scattered clumps of
trees and, seasonal rains, fires, and drought.
A desert is a biome that is very dry and often very hot.
Understanding Key Ideas
3. If you visited savannah, you would most likely
see.
a. Large of grazing animals such as zebras, gazelles,
and wildebeests.
Desert ecosystem
4. Components a desert ecosystem include
a. A hot, dry climate
b. Plants that grow far apart.
c. Animals that active mostly at night.
d. All of the above
Understanding Key Ideas
5. List seven biomes that are found on land.
Temperate deciduous forests, coniferous forests,
tropical rain forest, temperate grassland, savannah,
desert and tundra
Characteristics of biome
6. What are two things that characterize a biome.
It is a large region characterized by its climate.
It is characterized by plants and animals that live in that
region.
Critical Thinking
7. While excavating an area in a desert, scientist
discovers the fossils of very large trees and ferns.
What might the scientist conclude about biomes in
this area.
Scientist might conclude that the area was once a forest
biome and that the area received more rain the past
year.
Critical Thinking
8. Tundra receives very little rainfall. Could tundra
accurately be called a frozen desert?
No. Deserts receive less than 25cm of rain per year.
Tundra receives 30 to 50cm of rain per year. Also,
unlike plants in a desert, plants on the tundra are not
spread apart and do not have adaptions to a dry and
hot climate.
Interpreting Graphs
Use the bar graph below to answer the questions that
follow.
160
140
120
Rain cm
100
80
60
40
20
0
Coniferous
Prairie
Savanna
Biome
Desert
Tundra
Interpreting Graphics
9. Which biome receives 50cm or more of rain each
year?
Coniferous forest, temperate grassland, savannah, and
tundra.
10. Which biome receives the smallest amount of
rain?
Desert and savannah
DIRECTED READING A
ANSWERS
0 1. abiotic 2. biotic 3. biome 4. temperate deciduous forests, coniferous
forests, tropical rain forests 5. to save water during the winter or
during the dry season 6. coniferous 7. Most produce seeds in cones
and have leaves that are like needles with a thick, waxy coating. 8.
helps keep coniferous leaves from drying out; protects needles from
damage by cold winter temperatures; allows conifers to keep leaves all
year 9. covered with a thick layer of needles, and little light reaches the
ground. 10. because they have more kinds of plants and animals than
any other land biome 11. in the canopy 12. in plants 13. C 14. B 15. B
16. C 17. C 18. Desert plants grow far apart to avoid competition for
water; have shallow, widespread roots to take up water after a storm;
have fleshy stems and leaves to store water; and have a waxy coating
to prevent water loss. 19. C 20. D 21.A 22.B 23. tundra 24. permafrost
25. The layer of thawed soil is too shallow for deep-rooted plants. 26.
It is located at the top of tall mountains. 27.an area on a mountain
above a certain elevation where trees cannot grow.
Using Key Terms
1. Use each of the following terms in a separate
sentence: Plankton and estuary.
Answers will vary:
Plankton are tiny organisms that form the base of
many of the ocean’s food chains. An estuary is an area
where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water
from the ocean.
Understanding Key Ideas
2. Water temperature
b. affects the types of organisms that can live in a
marine ecosystem.
3. What are three abiotic factors that affect
marine ecosystems? Water temperature,
water
depth, and the amount of sunlight that passes into the
water.
Understanding Key Ideas
4. Describe four major ocean zones. The intertidal
zone is the place where the ocean meets the land. This
area is exposed to air for part of the day. The neritic
zone is farther from shore where the water starts to get
deeper. This water is often warm and sunny. The
oceanic zone starts where the sea floor drops sharply.
It includes the deepest part of the ocean. The benthic
zone is the ocean floor.
Understanding Key Ideas
5. Describe five marine ecosystems. For each ecosystem,
list an organism that lives there. Intertidal areas include
mudflats, sandy beaches, and rocky shores. Worms live in
intertidal areas. Coral reefs are found in the shallow waters
of the neritic zone. Corals are small animals that make up the
reefs. Estuaries are areas where fresh water meets salt water.
Plankton are abundant in estuaries. The Sargasso Sea is
found in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Sargassum is an
alga found in this ecosystem. Polar ice is found at the poles.
Plankton thrive on the nutrients found in this near freezing
water.
Math Skills
6. The ocean covers about 71% of the Earth’s
surface. If the total surface area of the Earth is about
510 million square kilometers, how many square
kilometers are covered by the ocean?
510,000,000 km2 X 0.71 =
362,100,000 km2
Critical Thinking
7. Animals in the Sargasso Sea hide with the
sargassum. Color is only one way to blend in. What
is another way that animals can blend in with
sargassum?
Animals in the Sargasso Sea could look like or be
shaped like the leaves of sargassums.
Critical Thinking
8. Many fishes and other organisms that live in the
deep ocean produce light. What are two ways in
which this light might be useful?
The light may attract prey. The light may also confuse a
predator.
Critical Thinking
9. Imagine you are studying animals that live in
intertidal zones. You just discovered a new animal.
Describe the animal and adaptations the animal has
to survive in the intertidal zone.
Answers will vary. Recognize that intertidal organisms
must have adaptations for exposure to air and for the
effect of surf.
DIRECTED READING A
ANSWERS
0 1. marine ecosystems 2. blue whales 3. plankton 4. They use
photosynthesis to make their own food. 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10.
D 11. A 12. Through evaporation, oceans provide much of Earth’s
precipitation; ocean temperatures and currents affect world
climates and wind patterns; and people and animals depend on
oceans for food. 13. mudflats, sandy beaches, rocky shores 14.
Some have rootlike structures called holdfasts to attach
themselves to rocks; others release a special glue that attaches
them to rocks. 15. Answers may vary. Sample answer: algae,
brightly colored fishes, sponges, sea stars, sea urchins 16.
estuary 17. plankton 18. Most of the animals in the Sargasso Sea
are the same color as sargassums. 19. Yes, because the icy waters
are rich in nutrients that support plankton, which in turn are
eaten by these other animals
Using Key Terms
1. Use the following terms in the same sentence:
wetland, marsh, and swamp.
Sample answer: Both a marsh and a swamp are
wetlands.
Understanding Key Ideas
2. A major abiotic factor in freshwater ecosystems is
the
b. speed of the water.
Understanding Key Ideas
3. Describe the three zones of a lake.
The area of water closest to the edge of the lake is the
littoral zones. Sunlight reaches the bottom of the littoral
zone. The open-water zone stretches across the surface
of the water from the edge of the littoral zone. The
open-water zone goes as deep as sunlight can reach.
The deep-water zone lies beneath the open-water zone.
It stretches to the bottom of the lake.
Understanding Key Ideas
4. Explain how a lake can become a forest over time.
Materials settle to the bottom of the lake. Bacteria
decompose these materials and use oxygen in the water.
The loss of oxygen affects the survival of animals in the
water many fishes die because of the loss of oxygen. As
the pond fills in plants grow in the filled areas. Over
time, the pond becomes a swamp or marsh. Eventually,
the swamp or marsh becomes a forest.
Math Skills
5. Sunlight can penetrate a certain lake to a depth of
15 m. The lake is five and a half times deeper than
the depth to which light can penetrate. In meters,
how deep is the lake?
15m X 5.5 = 82.5 m
Critical Thinking
6. When bacteria decompose material in a pond, the
oxygen in the water may be used up. So fishes in the
pond die. How might the absence of fish lead to a
pond filling faster?
If the fishes die, the bodies of the fishes will contribute
to the material on the bottom of the pond. Also, while
the fishes were alive, they may have eaten plankton,
algae, or water plants. Without fishes, these plankton,
algae, and plants may multiply, adding to the material in
the pond.
Critical Thinking
7. Imagine a seep, rocky stream. What kinds of
adaptations might animals living in this stream
have? Explain your answer.
Answers may vary. You should mention adaptations to
moving water, such as attaching to rocks, using suction
disks, and living under rocks.
DIRECTED READING A
ANSWERS
1. melting ice or snow and a spring 2. river 3. tributary 4. how
quickly water moves 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. Sunlight
reaches the bottom of the littoral zone. 12. Answers may include
three of the following: catfish; carp; worms; crustaceans; fungi;
bacteria. 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. Wetlands support many different
kinds of plants and animals; they play a role in flood control by
soaking up large amounts of water; they help replenish
underground water supplies. 17. in shallow areas along shores of
lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams 18. in low-lying areas and beside
slow-moving rivers 19. C 20. B