Transcript Egyptian Floral Design

History of
Floral Design
Why is it important?
• To create arrangements with the feel of
another time and place.
• To harmonize your arrangements with the
time period of the room or building.
• HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF!!!
Floral Design in Ancient
Civilizations
• Egyptian
• Greek
• Roman
• Byzantine
Egyptian Floral Design
• Began in 2800 B.C. to
28 B.C.
• We discovered floral
design through artifacts
and wall paintings
• Used for decoration in
– Temples
– Banquet Tables
– Wreaths for guests
– Used in precessions
– Given to honor
someone
Egyptian Floral Design
• Orderly, alternating
patters
• Simplistic, repetitious,
and highly stylized
• Placed in spouted
vases with no stem
visible
• Set in regimented rows
• Around the edge of
the vase (2 inches
above the rim)
• Blossoms were flanked
by leaves or buds on
lower stems.
• No bunching or
overlapping of material.
Egyptian Period
2800-28BC
Containers
• Egyptians favored wide-mouthed containers
• Containers were often made from pottery,
gold, slate, or polished alabaster
• Farrence -- Type of glazed earthenware
from Italy that was often used in containers
Egyptian Period: Design
Characteristics
• Common types of designs were chaplets,
wreaths, garlands
• Designs were typically orderly with
alternating patterns of flowers
• Dominant colors were red, yellow, and blue
Egyptian Period: Flowers
several flowers were considered sacred,
symbolizing Egyptian Gods and
Goddesses
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Acacia
Gladiolas
Jasmine
Lily
Lupine
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Morning Glory
Poppy
Rose
Lotus**
Flowers used in Egyptian Design
-Acacia
-Roses
-Water lilies
-Violets
-Madonna lilies
-Narcissus
-Jasmine
-Poppies
-Lotus blossom
( were considered sacred)
JASMINE
LOTUS
GLADIOLAS
LILY
MORNING GLORY
Egyptian Period: Foliage &
Fruit
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Ivy
Laurel
Oleander
Figs
Grapes
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Olives
Palm
Papyrus
Peaches
Plums
Greek Floral Design
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This Period Began
600B.C.–46 B.C.
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The ancient Greeks were
so dedicated to beauty
that their art heritage
has lived through the
ages and influences
today’s art.
Herbs were frequently
used with the flowers,
and as garlands, and
wreaths.
They introduced the
Horn of Plenty or
Cornucopia.
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Greek Floral Designs
• Greek designs
expressed grace
and simplicity
• Color was not
important
• the flowers,
fragrance, and
symbolism
associated with
each flower
were foremost
importance
• Often symbolic
of a god or
hero
Greek Period
600-146 BC
Containers
• Flower petals were often scattered on the ground
during ceremonies
• Design types often used were wreaths and
garlands worn during special occasions.
• Presented as awards to athletes, statesmen and
soldiers.
• The cornucopia was first introduced during this
era. It was filled with fruits and vegetables and
placed in an upright position rather than on its side
as done today.
Greek Period: Flowers
• Crocus
• Daisy
• Honeysuckle
CROCUS
HONEYSUCKLE
DAISY
Roses
Flowers Used in Greek
Designs
Hyacinths
Honeysuckle
Violets
Lilies
Tulips
Larkspur
Marigolds
Greek Period: Foliage & Fruit
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Herbs
Ivy
Laurel
Berries
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Oak
Olive
Acorns
Grapes
Roman Floral Design
• 28 -B.C.-325 A. D.
• The Romans continued
with the customs of the
Greeks.
• Garlands, wreaths and
crowns were more
elaborate than those of
the Greeks. Crowns and
garlands were tapered.
• Flowers were sometimes
arranged in baskets and
cornucopias..
Roman Period
28 BC-325 AD
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continued the customs of the Greeks
Often used heavy & elaborate wreaths
Used fragrant flowers with bright colors
First use of natural bouquets
arrangements and usage became more
elaborate
Roman Floral Design
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“Dies Rosationis” - After
a person dies the family
would gather at a rose
bedecked grave and lay
more roses in
remembrance of that
person.
“Sub Rosa” - Roman
custom of hanging a
wreath of white roses
from the ceiling, and all
things said beneath the
wreath was to be kept a
secret.
Flowers Used in Roman Design
Poppy
Roses
Amaranths
Crocus
Ivy
Narcissi
Oleanders
Myrtle
Violets
Honeysuckle
Laurel
Lily
Byzantine Floral Design
• 320-600 AD
• Continued
Roman
designs
• Elaborate
containers
had nearly
pointed
bases.
• Used
symmetrical
tree-like
compositions
Byzantine Floral Design
• Changed
construction
of garlands to
be narrow
bands of
flowers or
fruit
alternated
with foliage
• Formal conical
designs with
clusters of
blossoms at
regular
intervals
Floral Designs in European
Periods
• Middle Ages
• Renaissance
• Baroque
• French
• English-Georgian
• Victorian
Middle Ages Floral Design
• (476-1400 AD)
• Flowers arranged
in vases
• Symmetrical
groups in Chinese
flasks show
Chinese influence.
• Little known about
floral designs of
this period
• Information found
in Persian art, rugs,
and tapestries.
Renaissance Floral Design
• Renaissance period
saw a rebirth of
many interests,
particularly in the
arts.
• The Renaissance
began in Italy but
quickly spread to
all of Europe.
• The Renaissance
style was greatly
influenced by the
Byzantine, Greek,
and Roman periods.
Renaissance Floral Design
• Stems were covered
creating a massed,
symmetrically stiff
arrangement.
• In this era, the Christmas
Wreath became popular
• Fruits, blossoms and
leaves were woven into
garlands to decorate walls
and vaulted ceilings
• Petals were piled into
baskets to strew on floors
and streets or to float
down from balconies into
rooms below.
Renaissance
1400-1600 AD
Period in Europe after Middle Ages
• Paintings from this period often show vases
of flowers because flowers had great
symbolism
– ex: The rose symbolized sacred or profane love
– ex: A white lily symbolized chastity and
fertility
Renaissance: Design Styles
• Single white lily placed in a jug is typical
• Flowers arranged in vases so that only blossoms
were visible
• Massed, symmetrically stiff, compact
arrangements common
• designs were large, tall, pyramidal, and
symmetrically balanced
• Bright colors and forms of flowers were used as
focus
Renaissance: Flowers
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Anemone
Campanula
Carnations
Iris
Poppy
Rose
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Lily
Lily of the Valley
Marigold
Narcissus
Pansy
Violets
ANEMONE
CAMPANULA
Lily of the Valley
CARNATIONS
Flowers
Roses
used in Renaissance Design
Ivy
Olive Branches
Lily of the
Valley
Laurel
Dianthus
Lilies
Violets
Daisies
Primroses
Renaissance: Foliage
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Boxwood
Cones
Fruit
Ivy
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Laurel
Myrtle
Olive
Vegetables
Baroque and Flemish Style Period
• (1600-1775 AD)
• Classical
Renaissance
style gave way to
the lavish
Baroque style
• Symmetrical
oval shaped
designs
• Hogarthian
curve or SCurve developed
this period
Baroque Period
1600-1775 AD
Era following the Renaissance in Europe
• Art is no longer just for the church or nobility, it is
now accessible to the middle class.Paintings show
arrangements in everyday settings
• Many interiors were overdecorated and gaudy
• Designs became more creative and expressive
• asymmetrical curves in the shape of a crescent or
an “s” were adopted later
Baroque Period: Containers
• Massive and sturdy
• Metal and stone urns
• Chinese and Japanese vases, bowls, and
flasks
Baroque and Flemish Style Period
• Styles were
evoked by the
works of
Michelangelo in
Italy, but these
were adopted by
designers in
Holland and
Belgium.
• Large containers
held flamboyant
arrangements
containing many
different kinds of
flowers.
Baroque Period: Flowers
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Carnations
Cyclamen
Foxglove
Iris
Larkspur
Lilies
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Marigolds
Roses
Sunflowers
Snowball
Tulips
Flowers Used in the Baroque and
Flemish Style Era
Iris
Marigold
Lily
Peony
Cannas
Hollyhock
Roses
Baroque Period: Foliage &
Accessories
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Leaves of flowers
Coleus
Olive
Bold leaves
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Fruits/vegetables
Birds’ nests
Shells
Insects
Nuts, berries
Floral Design in French Period
All of these design periods fall under
one Category :
• French Baroque
• French Rococo (18th Century)
• Louis XVI (Late 18th Century)
• Empire Period (1804-1814)
French Period
(17th & 18th century France)
• Also known as the “Grand Era”
• Associated with the courtly life
• Emphasis was on classic design, refinement,
and elegance
• Designs were often fan shaped and massed
French Baroque
• The topiary was
introduced during this
period. Symmetrical
designs with no focal
point.
• Floral designs were
informal, fragile, and
delicate.
French Rococo (18th Century)
• Designs more
formal than those
of the Baroque
period,
predominantly arc
and crescentshaped, delicate
and airy.
Louis XVI (Late 18th Century)
• Delicate, cool
colors before the
French
revolution, and
the revival of the
Classical Period
following the
French
revolution.
Empire Period (1804-1814)
• Military symbolism
was often used in
arrangements,
using emblems and
figures associated
with the emperor.
Most of the designs
were simple and
triangular in shape.
French Period: Containers
• Elegant and ornate
• Goblets and vases made of glass, ceramic,
or porcelain
• Classic urns
French Period: Flowers &
Foliage
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Acacia
Aster
Carnation
Ferns
Hyacinth
Larkspur
Lilacs
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Lilies
Marigolds
Pansy
Poppy
Roses
Tulips
English Georgian Period
• (1714-1760)
• The 15th and 16th Century
collective fortresses of
England gave way to smaller
houses, into which flowers
were brought, more for their
fragrance than their beauty.
• Arrangements during the
first half of this period
consisted of flowers simply
crammed into sturdy
containers, with little or no
concern for design.
• Some of the containers of the
period were made
specifically to hold flowers,
with holes or openings to
maintain the stems at
particular angles.
English-Georgian Period
1714 – 1760 AD
• Named for English Kings George I, II, & III
• Fragrance was very important in flower selection
because it was thought to rid disease
• English created the nosegay to safeguard from
illness
• Flowers became part of fashion in hair, around
necks, and in décolletage
• Arrangements were formal & symmetrical & often
triangular
• Often used bough pots
English-Georgian: Containers
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Wedgwood
Posy-holder vases
Urns made of pewter, sliver, or ceramics
Ceramic wall pockets
Enclosed bricks
English-Georgian: Flowers
Used the same as the Baroque period but
also included:
• Clover
• Geraniums
• Hibiscus
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Passion Flower
Phlox
Snowdrop
Veronica
Victorian Era 1820-1901
• The Victorian era
named for Queen
Victoria, marked a
period of floral
design, in which we
often see elaborate
and full designs.
• Upper-class
members of society
showed their wealth
with large, excessive,
opulent and often
overdone flower
arrangements.
Victorian Era
This era was the first
attempt to establish rules
for floral arranging
• Arrangements were
created weekly by
cultured ladies and their
daughters in the home.
• This was also the time
when tussie-mussie
bouquets and nosegay
bouquets made their
mark in society. Proper
women of Victorian
society carried these
bouquets at most social
gatherings.
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Victorian Era
• Victorian style arrangements
are typically round or oval in
form. Flowers are typically kept
to a lower height,
• Strong color contrasts and
flowers with brilliant hues were
preferred
• Lots of foliage is associated with
Victorian style arrangements.
• Fruit may be added to the
arrangement also, mainly
because the flowers are cut from
the garden that are being used.
Victorian Era
Language of Flowers
• Victorians knew the
language of flowers and
carefully selected their
arrangements or single
flowers according to the
message they wanted to
convey to the recipient.
• A gift of a bouquet of
chrysanthemums meant
love; a red carnation meant
that feelings weren’t mutual
and lavender meant luck or
devotion
Victorian Era: Flowers
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Bleeding Heart
Camellias
Carnations
Dahlia
Gardenia
Hydrangea
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Lilies
Poppies
Roses
Sweet Pea
Tulips
Violets
Flowers Used in the Victorian
Era
Roses
Tulips
Carnations
Lilies
Daisies
Peonies
Fruit
Victorian Era: Foliage &
Accessories
• Ferns
• Grasses
• Dried Flowers
• Figurines
• Stuffed birds,
butterflies
• Victorian greeting
cards
Oriental Influence in Floral
Design
• Began in India where Buddhist priests
scattered branches and stem on altar or
placed them in pottery urns.
• Modified by the Chinese during the first
century A.D.
• Oriental influence placed emphasis on the
individual form, texture, and color of plant
material
Chinese vs. Japanese Style
• Chinese style is less stylized
• Japanese style is very formal and follows strict rules of
construction
• Japanese designs are characterized by minimum use of
plant material and careful placement of branches and
flowers.
• Each placement and angle has meaning.
Both use arrangements that depict how things are in nature –
natural growth patters, groomed plants/pruned to
perfection (bonsai)
American Styles of Floral
Design
• Early American
• Colonial
• Neoclassic
• American Victorian
Early American (Colonial)
Period
• (1620-1720)
• The early colonists generally produced
plants for food or for their medicinal
properties.
• What little time they had for arranging
flowers was spent making simple
arrangements to adorn their very
modest homes.
• Flowers were used more in the
Central and Southern Colonial areas.
• Most of the arrangements they made
were copied from the English Georgian
and French Empire periods.
• Arrangements were made in simple
mass forms using numerous colors.
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Colonial Williamsburg Floral
(1740-1780)
Design
• Colonial Williamsburg is
renowned for it’s colorful
arrangements in finger vase
and flower bricks.
• The English and European
roots particularly in the
Georgian and French designs
became more symmetrical
and sophisticated.
• Fan and Triangular-shaped
flower arrangements where
lightly grouped at the top,
sometimes 11/2 to three
times the height of their
containers.
Flowers Used in Colonial Williamsburg Design
Lilies
Anemones
Roses
Cockscomb
Sunflowers
Strawflower
Violets
Marigolds
Daisies
Ornamental grasses
Snapdragons
American Period Floral Design
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(1780-1820)
The Neoclassic and Empire
styles which had been evolving
in Europe, especially the
delicate French style, had a
great influence on the styles
used in late colonial America at
this time.
In these types of arrangements,
masses of mixed bouquets were
used less often, and the charm
of individual flowers was
emphasized. Fewer flowers
were used in containers.
American Victorian Period
• (1800-1920)
• The Victorian period in
England began to spill over to
the newly-declared United
States.
• Ornate containers of many
different kinds of materials
were filled to overflowing,
using cool colors and an
abundance of white.
• Arrangements tended to be
made in rich purples,
magentas, and dark blues. and
the Tuzzy-Muzzy was
popular, especially in the deep
´South´.
Modern Styles of Floral Design
• Art Nouveau
• Art Deco
• Free Form Expression
• Geometric Mass Design
Modern Period (Contemporary) Floral
Design
Art Nouveau
• Based on
curvilinear lines
and often
patterned after
nature in the
shape of
plants/flowers
• Containers were
carving and
asymmetrical
Art Nouveau Period: 1890 1910
• Style was based on curvilinear lines and
often patterned after nature in the shape of
plants or flowers
• Containers were curving and asymmetrical
Modern Period (Contemporary) Floral
Design
Art Deco
• Influenced by ancient
Egyptian, Jazz age, and
the industrial age.
• Characterized by strong
geometric lines and
patterns
• The style reemerged in
the 1960’s
• Corsages became
popular in this time
period.
Art Deco Period: 1920’s & 30’s
• Blending of influences including ancient
Egyptian, Jazz age, and industrial age
• Characterized by strong geometric lines and
patterns
• The style reemerged in the 1960’s
Modern Period (Contemporary) Floral
Design
Free Form
Expression
• Arrangements
became more
expressive with
feeling or movement
and freedom
• Textural differences
between design
materials were
emphasized
Free Form Expression: 1950’s
• Arrangements were more expressive with
feeling of movement and freedom
• Textural differences between design
materials were emphasized
Modern Period (Contemporary) Floral
Design
Geometric Mass Design
• Tight, geometric
bouquets were
common
• Arrangements
combined mass and
line into stiff patterns
• Compote containers
were commonly used.
Geometric Mass Design:
1960’s & 70’s
• Tight, geometric bouquets were common
• Arrangements combined mass and line into
stiff patterns
• Compote containers were commonly used
Review
• What are some types of flowers and foliage
common to all periods of floral design?
• Why is it important to study the history of
floral design?
• What are some reasons for changing design
styles across time?
• How did European traditions influence
American design?