Transcript Plants - cypresswoodsbiology

Plants
What is a plant?
A plant is any organism
with all the following
characteristics:
 Multicellular
 Eukaryotes with
chloroplast
 Autotrophic –
Photosynthesis
 Cell walls made of
Cellulose
Label these structures
Basic plant structures
1.
2.
3.
Contains chlorophyll
for photosynthesis
catches light; stomata
for gas exchange.
Transpiration.
Site of pollination,
fertilization and seed
development
Tissue that surrounds
seeds; the ovary
Structures
4.
5.
6.
Supports the plant;
transport materials
between roots and
leaves
Embryo of living plants
Underground absorbs
water and minerals;
anchor the plant to the
ground
Evolution of plants
Concept Map: Plants are divided 1st by whether
or not they have a vascular system.
Plants
Has NO Vascular
Tissue
Bryophytes
Has Vascular
Tissue
Tracheophytes
Tracheophytes are divided into two groups by
whether or not they reproduce with seeds.
Tracheophytes
Seedless
Ferns use
spores
Seeded
Tracheophytes
Seedless
Ferns use
spores
Seeded
Gymnosperms
“naked” or
exposed
seeds
Angiosperms
Flowers produce
fruit w/ enclosed
seeds
Angiosperm
Monocot
one seed
leaf
Dicot
two seed
leaves
Slide # 8
Bryophytes
NONVASCULAR
1. Most primitive plants
2. Found in moist, shady areas
3. NO vascular (transport) system
4. Small size due to no vascular tissue
5. No true roots, stems, or leaves
6. Needs water for reproduction.
7. Reproduces using spores, -a water-proof
single cell that can grow into a new organism.
8. Most common example: Mosses
Tracheophytes
-Vascular Plants-
1.
2.
3.
Contains two types of specialized vascular tissues for
transport within the plant.
Presence of a vascular system allowed plants to
become tall.
Has specialized organs: roots, stems, and leaves.
Stems Types of Vascular Tissue
a.
b.
Xylem- transports
H20 up from roots.
Phloem- transports
food made during
photosynthesis and
nutrients to where
they are needed in
the plant.
Leaves
DRAW STOMATA WITH
GUARD CELLS
The stomata regulates
gas exchange.
-open during day or
when have enough
water
-closed during night or
when conserving water
Roots

absorb water and dissolved
nutrients.

anchor plants in the ground.
protect the plant from harmful
soil bacteria and fungi.

The
two main types of roots
are:


taproots, which are found
mainly in dicots, and
fibrous roots, which are found
mainly in monocots.
Seed-Bearing Tracheophytes
ADVANTAGE: Developed reproductive strategies
that do not need water:
1.
Seed contains
a.
b.
c.
2.
3.
A fully developed embryo
Food supply for embryo
A water-proof seed coat to keep from drying out
Sperm transferred in water-proof pollen
through pollination by wind or animals.
Developed seed-bearing structures: Cones
and Flowers
Angiosperms- “enclosed seeds”
1.
2.
3.
4.
These are flowering plants the encourage
direct and efficient pollen transfer (smell,
color and offering nectar)
Pollinators are flying insects, birds, and bats
that transfer pollen from flower to flower.
Flowers contain ovaries, which is where
eggs/seeds are produced.
A fruit is the pollinated ovary containing
mature seeds.
Fruit can aid in dispersal of seed to reduce
competition with parent plant.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Winged fruit – glides to new
location (maple fruit)
Floating fruit – can float to
new locations (coconut)
Fleshy fruit - sweet bright
colored fruit have seeds that
survive the digestive system
Maple seeds: Winged fruit
of animals that eat the fruit
(apple)
Spiny fruit- Velcro like
projections attach to the fur of
animals (cockleburs)
Burdock: Spiny fruit
Common Adaptations
Carnivorous; absorbs
nitrogen from insects;
lives in nitrogen poor
soil
Leaves are thin to
minimize water
loss.
Seeds have “miniparachutes” to
aid in dispersal.
Has a very thick
cuticle to
prevent water
loss.
Thick stem to
conserve water;
needles for
protection; no leaves
to prevent water
loss.
Large, broad
leaves to
maximize sun
absorption.
Prop roots to
better anchor the
tree.
Leaf is adapted for gas
exchange and sun
absorption on upper
surface only.