Transcript File - Zachary Carscaddon

Native Trees of
North Carolina
Loblolly Pine
Pinus taeda
DESCRIPTION
 Leaves 6 to 9 inches
long
 Bark on young trees
dark in color and
deeply furrowed
 Perhaps the fastest
growing southern
pine
USES
 Used in construction
 Interior and exterior
finish
 Used for pulp
Characteristics of
Loblolly Pines
Black Cherry
Prunus serotina ehrh
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DESCRIPTION
Leaves deciduous in
autumn
2 to 6 inches long
1 to ½ inches wide
Ovals to oblong and
pointed at each end
Margins finely
toothed
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USES
Furniture
Musical Instruments
Tool handles
Gun stocks
Characteristics of
Black Cherry
American Holly
Llex opaca ait
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DESCRIPTION
Evergreen
2 to 4 inches long
Epilintic, think, spine
teeth
Bark is white or pale
gray, smooth on
young trunks
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USES
Cabinet work
Wood-turning
Engraver’s Blocks
Inlaying
Christmas
Decorations
Characteristics of
American Holly
Water Oak
Quercus nigra
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DESCRIPTION
Deciduous leaves in
winter; usually 21/2
inches long
11/2 inches wide with
narrowed base
3 lobed
Stands 70-80 feet high
2-3 feet in diameter
USES
 One of the main red oak
lumber species
 Used as an ornamental
tree
Characteristics of
Water Oak
Flowering Dogwood
Cornus florida
DESCRIPTION
 Leaves deciduous in
autumn
 3 - 6 inches long and
11/2 – 2 inches wide
 Margins toothed
 Tick bright green and
hairy on the upper
surface
 Whitish and hairy below
USES
 Shuttle blocks
 Pulleys blocks
 Pulleys Mullet
 Heads of bobbin
 Heads of golf clubs
 Heads of handles
Characteristics of
Flowering Dogwood
Willow Oak
Quercus phellos
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DESCRIPTION
Leaves deciduous in
autumn
11/2 – 5 ½ inches long
1/3 to 1 inch wide;
narrow and pointed at
both ends
Light green smooth and
skinny above
Dull, paler and usually
smooth below
USES
 Planted widely as a
shade tree
Characteristics of
Willow Oak
Sweet Bay
Magnolia virginiana
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DESCRIPTION
Leaves deciduous in the
spring of the second
season
4 to 6 inches long 11/2
to 3 inches wide
Smooth bright green
shinning and smooth on
the upper surface pale
Nearly white and hairy
below
USES
 Wood of little or no
commercial value
Characteristics of
Sweet Bay
Yellow Poplar
Lirodendown tulipifern
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DESCRIPTION
Leaves deciduous in
autumn
5 – 6 inches long and
wide
Mostly 4 lobed with a
rounded base dark
green smooth and
skinny on the upper
surface
Pale and smooth below
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USES
Furniture
Musical instruments
Molding in houses and
office building
To make picture frames
Characteristics of
Yellow Poplar
Chestnut Oak
Quercus prinus
DESCRIPTION
 Leaves deciduous in
autumn
 4 to 9 inches long, 1
½ to 3 inches wide
 Bark grayish brown
to darker
USES
 Fence posts
 Railroad ties
 Fuel
Characteristics of
Chestnut Oak
Eastern White Pine
Pinus strobus
DESCRIPTION
 Leaves or needles 3
to 5 inches long
 It matures often at 80
or more feet in height
with a straight trunk
 Trunk is 2-3 feet in
diameter
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USES
General Construction
Interior finish
Patterns
Caskets
Clocks
Cabinet making
Characteristics of
Eastern White Pine
Swamp Chestnut
Quercus michauxxi
DESCRIPTION
 Leaves deciduous in
autumn
 4-9 inches long, 2 ¾
to 4 ¼ inches wide
 Bark silvery white or
ashy gray and scaly
USES
 Agricultural
implements
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Wheels
Fence Posts
Baskets
Fuel
Characteristics of
Swamp Chestnut
Blackgum
Nyssa sylvatica marsh
DESCRIPTION
 Leaves deciduous in
autumn
 2 to 5 inches long, ½
to 3 inches wide
 Bark light brown,
often tinged with red
deeply furrowed
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USES
Boxes boards
Furniture
Interior Trim
Cross ties
Pulp
Characteristics of
Blackgum
AMERICAN ELM
Ulmus americana
FACTS ON AMERICAN ELM
 Form-the trunk is divided into several large, ascending
and arching limbs.
 Bark-dark, ashy-gray, flat topped ridges separated by
diamond-shaped fissures
 Twig-slender, slightly zigzagged, reddish-brown
 Leaf-3 to 6 inches long, 1 to 3 inches wide.
 They are shaped like a vase or an umbrella.
 It is used to make barrels, fence posts, furniture, and
boats.
 American elm bark contains a strong fiber from which
the Indians made ropes.
AMERICAN SYCAMORE
Platanus occidentalis
Facts on American Sycamore
 Bark-thin, mottled
brown, green and white.
A.K.A. camouflage bark
 Twig- stout and orangebrown in color, terminal
bud is absent.
 Leaf- palmately veined,
4-8 inched wide, ovate in
shape, with 3-5 lobes.
Margins are toothed
 Form- massive tree with
heavy, spreading
branches with zigzagged
twigs.
EASTERN HEMLOCK
Tsuga canadensis
FACTS ON EASTERN HEMLOCK
 Leaf- 1/2 inch long, dark
green in color with 2
lines of white stomata
below. Tips are blunt,
needles are two ranked.
 Twig- fine, gray-brown in
color
 Bark-young trees-graybrown,smooth,turning
scaly. Older treesred/brown with wide
 Ridges and furrows.
When cut or broken,
purple streaks are
shown.
 Form-medium sized tree
with a dense conical
crown. Fine branches
and a floppy leader
CATALPA
CATALPA SPECIOSA
FACTS ON CATALPA
 Leaf- maybe
opposite or whorled,
pinnately veined, 512 inches long,
leaves are cordate.
 Twig- stout, green,
and later reddishbrown in color.
 Bark- separated into
irregular shallow
fissures with reddishbrown scales.
 Form- medium sized
tree with spreading
branches, irregular
crown
RED MAPLE
ACER RUBRUM
FACTS ON RED MAPLE
 Leaf- 2-4 inches long,
light green above, hairy
beneath.
 Twig- reddish and
lustrous, buds usually
blunt.
 Bark- smooth and light
gray, with age becomes
darker
 Form- medium sized
tree
BALD CYPRESS
TAXODIUM DISTICHUM
FACTS ON BALD CYPRESS
 Leaf-very feathery,
leaflets are 1/4 to 3/4
inch long and 2 ranked
and alternately arranged.
Feathery leaves are 3-10
inches long.
 Twig- brown with small
deciduous scales
 Form- large tree with a
pyramid-shaped crown,
cylindrical bole, fluted or
buttresses base and
often with knees.
 Bark- fibrous, red-brown
maybe gray where
exposed to the weather.
Old thick bark may
appear scaly
Longleaf Pine
Longleaf Pine
 Longleaf pine----Pinaceae Pinus palustris
 Leaf: Evergreen, very long and feathery (8 to 18 inches
long), with three dark green needles per fascicle.
 Flower: Monoecious, males yellow-red, long, in clusters;
females oval, purple.
 Fruit: Very large (largest cone in the Eastern U. S. --6 to
10 inches long), ovoid to conical in shape, sessile. Scales
are red-brown in color. The umbo is armed with a curved
prickle. Maturing September to October.
 Twig: Very stout, brown, with large obvious, asbestoswhite buds.
 Bark: Quite scaly, orange-brown to gray, will eventually
develop plates.
 Form: A medium-sized tree with a straight trunk, coarse
branches and tufted needles at ends of branches.
Shortleaf Pine
Shortleaf Pine
•Shortleaf pine --Pinaceae Pinus echinata
•Leaf: Evergreen, 3 to 5 inches long, two or three (on the same branch)
slender and flexible needles per fascicle, dark yellow-green in color. The
fascicle sheath is persistent.
•Flower: Monoecious, males cylindrical, red to yellow, in clumps at ends of
twigs; females light green to red, with a large spine.
•Fruit: Compact, 2 inches long, ovoid, somewhat persistent. Cones are red
to brown in color. The umbo is armed with a small prickle. Maturing
October to November.
•Twig: Green and purple when young, later turning red-brown.
•Bark: Scaly and dark on young trees, eventually developing plates with
scaly surfaces. "Volcanoes" or small surface pockets of pitch may be
apparent.
•Form: A medium to large tree with a small, open, pyramidal crown.
Slash Pine
Slash Pine
 Slash pine---Pinaceae Pinus
elliottii
 Leaf: Evergreen, 7 to 10
inches long, flexible, with
three (sometimes two)
needles per fascicle, dark
green in color. The fascicle
sheath is quite long and
persistent.
 Flower: Monoecious, males
cylindrical, red to yellow, in
clusters at ends of twigs;
females red to green, stalked
oval.
 Twig: Quite stout, orangebrown in color.
 Fruit: Cones are 3 to 6 inches
long, ovoid, borne on a stalk.
Cones are caramel in color.
The umbo is armed with a
small, out curved spine.
Maturing--October to
November.
 Bark: Red-brown and
furrowed when young,
becoming very platy. The
surfaces of the plates are
covered with thin, loose
scales.
 Form: A medium-sized tree
with a narrow-ovoid crown.
Needles appear to be tufted
at the ends of the branches.
Southern Red Oak
Southern Red Oak
 Fruit: Acorns are 1/2 inch
long, orange-brown and
 Southern red oak-pubescent. The cap covers
Fagaceae Quercus falcata
less than 1/3 of the nut and is
 Leaf: Alternate, simple, 5 to 9
quite thin and flattened.
inches long and roughly
Matures after two years, ripens
obovate in outline. Two forms
in September or October.
are common- 3 lobes with
 Twig: Reddish-brown in color,
shallow sinuses or 5 to 7
may be gray-pubescent or
lobes with deeper sinuses.
glabrous. Multiple terminal
Lobes are bristle-tipped.
buds are dark red, pubescent,
Tomentum is present below
pointed and only 1/8 to 1/4
and on the petiole. Often
inch long.
resembles a turkey foot.
 Bark: Dark in color, thick, with
 Flower: Staminate flowers
broad, scaly ridges separated
borne on catkins. Pistillate
by deep, narrow furrows.
flowers borne on spikes.
Resembles Q. velutina, but the
Appears with the leaves.
inner bark is only slightly
 Form: A medium-sized tree
yellow.
with a short trunk and large
branches supporting a
Blackjack Oak
Fagaceae Quercus marilandica
Blackjack Oak
Leaf: Alternate, simple, 5 to 8 inches long, thickened, with 3 shallow, bristletipped lobes near the end of the leaf, upper surface lustrous green, lower
surface paler with orange-brown pubescence.
Flower: Monoecious, males 2 to 4 inch long hanging catkin, females small,
single or paired.
Fruit: Acorn, nut 3/4 inch long often striated, light brown, cap covers about
half of the nut and is covered with loose, hairy scales.
Twig: Stout, dark brown and scruffy-hairy, reddish-brown buds are 1/4 inch
long, sharp, angled and fuzzy.
Bark: Very dark (almost black), rough, with blocky plates and splits.
Form: A small sized tree (20 to 30 feet tall) generally with poor form. It
typically has a short trunk with a round crown made up of twisted limbs.
Live Oak
Fagaceae Quercus virginiana
Live Oak
Leaf: Alternate, simple, evergreen, leathery, 2 to 5 inches long, oblong or elliptical in
shape with an entire or spiny and revolute margin. The upper surface is lustrous, the
lower is pale and pubescent . Generally, not bristle-tipped.
Flower: Staminate flowers borne on catkins. Pistillate flowers borne on spikes.
Appearing March through May.
Fruit: Acorns are in clusters of 3 to 5, maturing in one season. The nut is dark in color, 3/4
inch long and covered 1/3 by the cap. The cap is bowl-shaped and
warty, termed "turbinate" by Harlow et al. Maturing in September of the first year.
Twig: Slender, gray and pubescent, with small, blunt, multiple terminal buds.
Bark: Rapidly developing red-brown furrows with small surface scales. Later,
becoming black and very blocky.
Form: A medium-sized tree that can grow to massive proportions. Open grown
trees develop a huge rounded crown. The largest trees may be 150 feet across.
Cottonwood
Taxodiaceae Taxodium ascendens
Cottonwood
Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, 3 to 6 inches long, triangular (deltoid) in
shape with a crenate/serrate margin. The petiole is flattened and glands are present
at the top of the petiole.
Flower: Dioecious, male and female as pendulous catkins, appearing before the
leaves.
Fruit: Cottony seeds, 1/4 inch long borne in a dehiscent capsule. Maturing over
summer.
Twig: Stout, somewhat angled and yellowish. Buds are 3/4 inch long, covered with
several brown, resinous scales. Has a bitter aspirin taste.
Bark: Smooth, gray to yellow-green when young. Later turning gray with thick
ridges and deep furrows.
Form: A large tree with a clear bole and an open spreading crown resulting in a
somewhat vase-shaped form.
Red Cedar
Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana
Red
Cedar
Leaf: Evergreen, with two types of leaves, often on the same tree. Scale leaves
1/16 inch long, dark green, with 4 sides. Awl leaves are more common on young
trees, 1/8 to 3/8 inch long, dark blue-green and sharp-pointed.
Flower: Males are dioecious, but occasionally monoecious, yellow-brown,
occurring in large groups. Females are light blue-green.
Fruit: Berry-like cones, light green in spring, turning dark blue and glaucous at
maturity, about 1/4 inch in diameter. Appearing March to May. Maturing
September to November.
Twig: Green for several years, covered in scales, later turning brown.
Bark: Red-brown in color, exfoliating in long, fibrous strips, often ashy gray where
exposed.
Form: A small tree with a dense pyramidal or columner crown.
River Birch
Betulaceae Betula nigra
River
Birch
Leaf: Alternate, simple, pinnately-veined, rhombic to ovate, 1 1/2 to 3 inches long,
obviously doubly serrate, with a wedge-shaped base.
Flower: Preformed aments, male near the end of the twig, 2 to 3 inches long.
Female catkins upright, 1/4 to 1/2 inch long. Flowering in early spring.
Fruit: Cone like, 1 to 1 1/2 inches long, with many hairy scales, containing tiny,
3-winged seeds.
Twig: Slender, orangish-brown in color, smooth or slightly pubescent, with the
terminal bud absent. Lateral buds may be slightly pubescent. No wintergreen odor
when cut.
Bark: Smooth on young trees, salmon to rust colored. On older trees, developing
papery scales, exfoliating horizontally with several colors (creamy to
orangish-brown) visible. Later developing coarse scales.
Form: River birch is a medium-size tree with poor form. The trunk generally
divides low into several arching branches.
Sourwood
Ericaceae Oxydendrum arboreum
Sourwood
Leaf: Alternate, simple, elliptical to lanceolate, very finely serrate, 4 to 7 inches
long with very slight pubescence on the mid-vein below. A sour taste is obvious
when the leaf is chewed.
Flower: White, 1/4 inch long, borne on drooping panicles, reminiscent of
lily-of-the-valley flowers. Present late June to August.
Fruit: Born on panicles, enclosed in dehiscent, 5-valved capsules. Capsules are dry
when mature (September to October) and release the tiny, 2-winged seeds.
Twig: Olive green, changing to red, with buds that are small and oppressed. Leaf
scars are elevated with one bundle scar.
Bark: Grayish brown, very thick with deep furrows and scaly ridges. Often the
ridges are broken into recognizable rectangles.
Form: A small tree, usually with poor form and an irregular crown.
Post Oak
(Quercus stellata)
 Slow growing.
 Abundant in
Southeastern and
South Central
America.
 Used for fence
“posts”.
Black Locust
(Robinia pseudoacacia)
 Resembles Honey
Locust, but larger.
 Nitrogen fixer.
 Provides cover for
wildlife.
 Grows best in rich
and moist soils.
Black Oak
(Quercus velutina)
 Fuzzy on back of
leaf.
 Bitter acorn.
 Grows in poor soil.
Eastern Redbud
(Cercis canadensis)
 Deciduous
 Grows 20-30 feet
tall.
 Heart shaped leaves.
 Alternate and simple
leaves.
 Rosy pink flowers
during spring.
Southern Magnolia
(Magnolia grandiflora)
 Evergreen.
 Alternate and simple
leaves.
 Grows 60-80 feet
tall.
 Used for ornamental
purposes.
Turkey Oak
(Quercus laevis)
 Fast growing.
 Wood is used for
fuel.
 3 lobed leaf which
resembles a turkey
foot.
White Oak
(Quercus alba)
 Grows slowly.
 Ashy-gray bark.
 Wood is very
durable.
 Used for furniture
and flooring.
 Acorns are sweet.