Transcript Plant Anatomy

Most plants consists of 3
main parts:

1. Roots: penetrate the soil to anchor plant and
reach water source

2. Stems: supply rigid tissue that raise and
support the leaves

3. Leaves: provide greater surface area to
carry out photosynthesis
The plant kingdom is divided
into 2 major groups:

1. Vascular Plants:
 Well
developed root, leaves and stem system to
conduct solutions throughout the plant; contain
vascular tissue

2. Non-Vascular Plants:
 have
no or poorly developed roots, leaves and
stems
Common Ancestor

Vascular and NonVascular plants probably
arose from common
ancestor: BLUE-GREEN
ALGAE



Both use starch as their
primary food source
Cellulose in cell wall
Use chlorophylls a & b
during photosynthesis
Non-Vascular Plants

Lack vascular tissue to carry
water and dissolved
substances throughout the
plant

Ex. mosses

Require moist environment

Can have impersonators!!

Restricted in size because no
vascular tissue to support
them or transport water
upward
Vascular Plants




Plants that contain
vascular tissue to
transport nutrients
Xylem = transports
water
Phloem = transports
organic matter
Two types: seedless
and seed plants
Vascular Plants - Seedless



Have vascular tissue
Do no produce
seeds
Examples: Whisk
ferns, horsetails,
ferns
Vascular Plants – Seed Plants

Gymnosperms
 Form
seeds without a seed coat
 Seeds are attached to the scales of cones
 Ex. conifers in Canada
Vascular Plants – Seed Plants

Angiosperms



Flowering plant that forms
seeds inside a protective
chamber called an ovary
Seeds either have one or
two embryonic seed leaves
called COTYLEDONS
Ex. trees, grasses,
vegetables, wildflowers,
herbs
Angiosperms

ADVANTAGES:
 Seed
dispersal (apples, burrs, maple keys)
 Protection

HUGE number of angiosperm species
 Grouped
into 2 sections:
 Moncots
(1 cotyledon)
 Dicots (2 cotyledons)
Monocots vs. Dicots

Monocots
 Seed leaves: one
cotyledon
 Veins in leaves: usually
parallel
 Vascular bundles:
scattered
 Flower parts: multiples of 3
 Examples: grasses,
orchids, lilies, tulips

Dicots





Seed leaves: two cotyledons
Veins in leaves: usually netlike
Vascular bundles: arranged in
ring
Flower parts: multiples of 4 or 5
Examples: most trees,
wildflower species, lettuce,
tomatoes, potatoes
Summary
Vascular Systems

Vascular Bundles
 Transport
material within the plant via stem
 Dicots = ring of vascular bundles
 Monocots = scattered vascular bundles
 Tube-like strands connecting vascular tissue of
roots to vascular tissue of leaves
MONOCOTS
DICOTS
Xylem vs. Phloem

Xylem:
 Transportation
of
water
 Non-living cells

Phloem:
 Transportation
of
food →
TRANSLOCATION
 Living Cells