Transcript Tree Identification

Trees and Woody
Trees
and Shrubs
Shrubs
By Brad Parkinson
1. Lodgepole Pine
Lodgepole Pine
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Two needles per fascicle
Serotinous cone
Fire dependent
Grows in even aged stands
Mountain pine beetle is main enemy
Very much light dependent
Prefers moist soil but will grow in wet soil
2. Western Red Cedar
Western Red Cedar
• Generally found in northern Idaho
• Has flat scale like leafs
• Produces great lumber called cedar and
will last a longer than pine or fir
• Thuja is the scientific name
• Used as an ornamental tree in our
community
• Very small scale like cones (deciduous)
4. Subalpine Fir
Subalpine Fir
• Narrow Christmas tree shape
• Single flat needles brushed upward,
crowded together, with white band on
upper sides, soft like fir.
• When crushed needles give off citrus odor
• Found near alpine environment or in moist
environments
• Deciduous upright cone
5. Mountain Mahogany
Mountain Mahogany
•
•
•
•
•
Found on dry south facing slopes
Very short 4-7 meters
Hazel green color
Very hard wood but not a true mahogany
Very common in Darby canyon
6. Utah Juniper
Utah Juniper
•
•
•
•
Gray brown bark
8 meters or taller when mature
Scale leaves
Cones are dry, fibrous, ripening to reddishbrown, containing one seed
7. Rocky Mountain Juniper
Rocky Mountain Juniper
• Scale like leaves mostly in whorls of three
• Reddish brown bark
• Bluish to dark blue cones containing two
or three seeds
• 8-12 meters with branches close to ground
8. Engelmann Spruce
Engelmann Spruce
• Needles pointed and square, stink when
crushed, hurts when going against the
grain. Needles are blue green in color.
• Cones are long and deciduous, tan
colored
• Found in mountains along streams like
cottonwoods in the lower valleys
• Branches are sculptured
• Found from 2500 ft to tree line
9. Blue Spruce
Blue Spruce
•
•
•
•
•
Native of Colorado but not Idaho
Popular ornamental tree in yards
Needles have a blue hue
Needles are sharp, pointy, and rigid
Cones persist near the top of the tree
10. Limber Pine
Limber Pine
• Needles are found in bundles of 5
• Closely related to Whitebark pine
• Yellowish brown cones that persist after
falling to the ground
• Limbs are very flexible
• 26-43 feet tall at maturity
• Found in high mountains generally at tree
line
11. Whitebark Pine
Whitebark Pine
• Needles found in bundles of 5
• Generally found at or near tree line
• Purplish brown cone that tends to
disintegrate when falling from the tree
• Cones are smaller than Limber pine cones
at about 5 cm compared to 7-12 cm on
Limber pine cones
12. Douglas Fir
Douglas Fir
• Flat soft needles, single.
• Cones are soft with distinctive three-forked
bracts, like the hind end of a mouse.
• Rough thick bark with reddish hue.
• 75-110 feet tall, large diameter, wonderful
wood for building.
13. Narrow Leaf Cottonwood
Narrow Leaf Cottonwood
•
•
•
•
Found in calcareous type soils
Found along streams
Very long narrow leaf
A riparian type tree not as common as the
Black Cottonwood
• A member of the Poplar family of trees
14. Mountain Alder
Mountain Alder
• Doubly or irregularly toothed
• Underside of leaf has a gray-frosty
appearance
• Small cones on a small up to 30 foot tree
• Found along creeks, ponds, or wet
meadows
15. Water or River Birch
Water or River Birch
• Bark is almost black on young trees,
turning to dark reddish brown, and not
peeling
• Branchlets covered with white glands.
• Found in moist areas, such as, along Birch
Creek in Clark County.
16. Quaking Aspen
Quaking Aspen
•
•
•
•
Largest terrestrial organism in the world
Bark smooth and whitish, with black scars
Clones itself using roots and suckers
Light green rounded-triangular leaves that
tremble in the wind
• Have salicylic acid in bark (aspirin)
17. Black Cottonwood
Black Cottonwood
• Most common tree along rivers and
streams in the Upper Snake River Valley
• Much rotten wood found in living trees,
very popular tree with woodpeckers and
has many cavities for cavity living birds
and mammals
• Seeds are spread in cotton given off from
catkins in early spring
18. Black Hawthorn
Black Hawthorn
• Thorny branches
• Leaf blades with lobes on upper half of
blade
• Black fruit in fall containing five seeds
• Flowers in May with white unpleasant
smelling flowers
19. Rocky Mountain Maple
Rocky Mountain Maple
• Three lobed leaves, green in summer and
red in the fall (see Palisades area in fall)
• Biwinged seeds in September
• Small short tree found on moist mountain
sides. Seems to prefer steep slopes.
21. Red Osier Dogwood
Red Osier Dogwood
• Large spreading thicket forming shrub,
found near or on the edge of streams
• Clusters of ¼ inch white flowers in
summer turning to whitish berries with a
bluish hue in the fall.
• Bark is red, thus the name
22. Service Berry
Serviceberry
• Shrub or very small tree, multi trunks
• White star shaped flowers in spring and
early summer
• Leaves about 1 inch, rounded and
serrated.
• Bark is brownish red
• Fruit in fall is dark purple, sweet, and
seedy
• Likes moist shady areas, very hardy
23. Mountain Ash
Mountain Ash
• Shrubby plant growing on steep, damp
hillsides.
• Compound pinnate leaves
• In springtime clusters of white 3/8 inch
rounded flowers
• In the fall clusters of orange red berries
enjoyed by birds and bear alike
• Not palatable for humans
24. Big Sagebrush
Artemisia
Big Sagebrush
• Much-branched gray green shrub with
pungent sage like aroma
• May get 15 feet tall
• Leaves are evergreen
• Lives in fine deep soils in arid regions.
• Browse for deer and elk but not preferred,
very low in nutrient
25. Bitterbrush or Antelope Brush
Bitterbrush (Antelope Brush)
• An erect, much-branched silvery shrub
with fragrant yellow flowers. Three lobed
leaves.
• Twigs are very bitter to the taste
• Found on dry hillsides
• Are a very important browse for mule deer
in the winter
• Found near sagebrush and juniper forests
28. Oregon Grape
Oregon Grape or Holly Berry
• Member of the Barberry family that is an
intermediate host to several plant diseases
• Bright yellow clusters of flowers that turn
into dark purple berries with light blue
powder covering the berries
• Sour to taste but edible, add sugar for a
tasty grape juice
• Spiny leaves that hug the ground
30. Thimbleberry
Thimbleberry
• A broad leafed member of the raspberry
family
• Erect shrub 2-6 feet tall with broad 5-lobed
leaves. White flowers and red berries with
a raspberry appearance.
• Pricklies on the stems
31. Huckleberry
Huckleberry
• Erect, much-branched shrub with thin,
toothed leaves. Height 1-5 ft
• Medium sized deep purple berries
• Yellow globose flowers from May to July
• Fruits appears in late July and August
• Shaded woods and moist side hills, to
open slopes on recent burns
32. Twinberry
Twinberry
• Erect, deciduous shrub with opposite
leaves and both flowers and fruits in pairs
growing from the leaf axils
• Black oval berries are edible but not tasty
• Compare to red Honeysuckle with red
berries that are also paired but not edible
• Red berries many times are poisonous, so
beware of red
33. Snowberry
Snowberry
• Erect, much-branched shrub with white
berries, preceded by tubular rose colored
flowers.
• Also called wax berry
• Not palatable or edible for humans but
browsed by deer species, grouse, robins,
and pine grosbeaks.
• Found along moist trails, and riverbanks
34. Rabbit Brush
Rabbit Brush
• Rubber Rabbit brush has latex in the
stems
• Inhabits dry areas and is a know invader
of sagebrush country when overgrazing
has taken place
• Shrub with several stems growing erect
from the base with yellow disk flowers in
rounded terminal clusters
36. Knnikinnick
Knnikinnick
• A prostate, matted evergreen shrub with
reddish peeling or scaling bark
• Small white to pink, urn shaped 5-parted
waxy flowers in May and early June
• Leaves have a wintergreen flavor
• Green berries in late summer
• Leaves are used medicinally by many
indigenous people. Many other uses
37. Squawbush
Squawbush
• Erect bushy, stiffly branched shrub with
highly aromatic 3-parted leaves and
clusters of red berries
• Found on open slopes and canyons: often
chaparral.
• Foul odor thus nickname of skunk brush
• Berries used by birds, Indians made a
drink similar to lemonade with them
38. Ceanothus or Deer Brush
Ceanothus or Deer Brush
• Green shiny low evergreen
• White to pale blue blowers in conical
clusters at ends of flexible twigs.
• Found on dry slopes in chaparral and
open forests
• You can tell how deep the snow was the
winter before because the deer and
moose graze Ceanothus down to snow
level
39. Common Willow
Common Willow
• There are many different types of willows
out there. So…..We will learn them as
willow rather than try to identify each.
• Willows along a stream are very small on
the trunk and multi stemmed.
• Some have a yellow hue and some have a
brown, reddish, or black hue to them
• Willows are very important in holding soil
in a riparian habitat for insects, birds, etc.