Transcript 20.2 Classification of Plants Angiosperms

20.2 Classification of Plants
KEY CONCEPT
Plants can be classified into nine phyla.
20.2 Classification of Plants
Mosses and their relatives are seedless nonvascular
plants.
• Nonvascular plants:
– must grow close to the ground to absorb
water and nutrients.
– rely on free-standing water for reproduction.
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group
Seedless
nonvascular
Seedless vascular
Phylum Names
Common Names
Hepatophyta
Liverworts
Anthocerphyta
Hornworts
Bryophyta
Mosses
Lycophyta
Club mosses
Pterophyta
Ferns
Conifera
Conifers
Anthophyta
Angiosperm
•Liverworts
belong to phylum
Cycadophyta
Cycads
Hepatophyta.
Cone-bearing seed Ginkgophyta
Ginkgo
•often
grow
on
wet
rocks
or
plants
in greenhouses
Flowering seed
plants
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group
Seedless
nonvascular
Phylum Names
Common Names
Hepatophyta
Liverworts
Anthocerphyta
Hornworts
Bryophyta
Mosses
•Seedless
Hornworts
to phylum Anthocerophyta.
vascularbelong
Lycophyta
Club mosses
Pterophyta
– found in tropical
forests
Cycadophyta
and along streams
Cone-bearing seed Ginkgophyta
plants
– flat, lobed body with little
green “horns”
Flowering seed
plants
Ferns
Cycads
Ginkgo
Conifera
Conifers
Anthophyta
Angiosperm
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group
Seedless
nonvascular
Seedless vascular
Phylum Names
Common Names
Hepatophyta
Liverworts
Anthocerphyta
Hornworts
Bryophyta
Mosses
Lycophyta
Club mosses
Cycadophyta
Cycads
Ginkgophyta
Ginkgo
Conifera
Conifers
Anthophyta
Angiosperm
• Mosses belong
to phylum Bryophyta.
Pterophyta
Ferns
Cone-bearing seed
plants
Flowering seed
plants
– most common
seedless
nonvascular
plants
– Used as “peat”
20.2 Classification of Plants
Club mosses and ferns are seedless vascular plants.
• A vascular system allows club mosses and ferns to grow
higher off the ground.
• Both still need free-standing water for reproduction.
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group
Phylum Names
Common Names
Hepatophyta
Liverworts
Anthocerphyta
Hornworts
Bryophyta
Mosses
Lycophyta
Club mosses
Pterophyta
Ferns
Cycadophyta
Cycads
Cone-bearing
Ginkgophyta
• Clubseed
mosses
belong
plants
Ginkgo
Seedless
nonvascular
Seedless vascular
to phylum Lycophyta.
Conifera
– not trueAnthophyta
mosses
Flowering seed
plants
– oldest living group
of vascular plants
Conifers
Angiosperm
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group
Seedless
nonvascular
Seedless vascular
Phylum Names
Common Names
Hepatophyta
Liverworts
Anthocerphyta
Hornworts
Bryophyta
Mosses
Lycophyta
Club mosses
Pterophyta
Ferns
Cycadophyta
Cycads
• Ferns and their
relatives belong
to phylum Pterophyta.
Cone-bearing seed
plants
Ginkgophyta
frond
Conifera
Flowering seed
plants
Anthophyta
fiddlehead
Ginkgo
– whisk ferns and horsetails
Conifers
are close relatives of ferns
Angiosperm
– ferns have large leaves
called fronds
20.2 Classification of Plants
Seed plants include cone-bearing plants and flowering
plants.
• Seed plants have several advantages over their seedless
ancestors.
– can reproduce without free-standing water, via
pollination
– pollination
occurs when
pollen meets
female plant
parts
– seeds
nourish and
protect plant
embryo
– seeds allow plants to disperse to new places
20.2 Classification of Plants
• Gymnosperms do not have seeds enclosed in fruit.
– most gymnosperms are cone-bearing and evergreen.
– the cone is reproductive structure of most
gymnosperms.
– pollen is produced
in male cones.
– eggs are produced
in female cones.
– seeds develop on
scales of female
cones.
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group
Seedless
nonvascular
Seedless vascular
Cone-bearing seed
plants
Phylum Names
Common Names
Hepatophyta
Liverworts
Anthocerphyta
Hornworts
Bryophyta
Mosses
Lycophyta
Club mosses
Pterophyta
Ferns
Cycadophyta
Cycads
Ginkgophyta
Ginkgo
Conifera
Conifers
• Flowering
Cycadsseed
are gymnosperms
in phylum
Anthophyta
Angiosperm
plants
Cycadophyta.
– look like palm trees with large
cones
– grow in tropical areas
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group
Seedless
nonvascular
Seedless vascular
Cone-bearing seed
plants
Phylum Names
Common Names
Hepatophyta
Liverworts
Anthocerphyta
Hornworts
Bryophyta
Mosses
Lycophyta
Club mosses
Pterophyta
Ferns
Cycadophyta
Cycads
Ginkgophyta
Ginkgo
• Ginkgos are gymnosperms in phylum Ginkgophyta.
Conifera
– onlyseed
one
Flowering
plantsbiloba
Conifers
species
alive today,Angiosperm
Ginkgo
Anthophyta
– grown in gardens and used in urban
landscaping
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group
Seedless
nonvascular
Seedless vascular
Cone-bearing seed
plants
Flowering seed
• plants
Conifers are
Phylum Names
Common Names
Hepatophyta
Liverworts
Anthocerphyta
Hornworts
Bryophyta
Mosses
Lycophyta
Club mosses
Pterophyta
Ferns
Cycadophyta
Cycads
Ginkgophyta
Ginkgo
Coniferophyta
Conifers
Anthophyta
Angiosperm
gymnosperms in phylum Coniferophyta.
– most common gymnosperms alive
today
– includes pines, spruce, cedar, fir,
and juniper
20.2 Classification of Plants
• Angiosperms have seeds enclosed in some type of fruit.
– A flower is the reproductive structure of angiosperms.
– A fruit is a mature ovary of a flower.
• Angiosperms, or flowering plants, belong in phylum
Anthophyta.
20.2 Classification of Plants
Plant Group
Seedless nonvascular
Seedless vascular
Cone-bearing seed
plants
Flowering seed plants
Phylum Names
Common Names
Hepatophyta
Liverworts
Anthocerphyta
Hornworts
Bryophyta
Mosses
Lycophyta
Club mosses
Pterophyta
Ferns
Cycadophyta
Cycads
Ginkgophyta
Ginkgo
Coniferophyta
Conifers
Anthophyta
Angiosperm