Transcript Honors Marine Biology

Honors Marine Biology
Module 3: Part 2
Algae, Fungi, Sea Grasses and
Mangroves
Class Challenge
Notebook Checks
Those students who had incomplete work
from last week’s notebook check, please
have your work recorded before you leave
class today.
Quiz # 5
Name the Scientific Classification of
Organisms (Table 2.6)
The Scientific Classification of
Organisms
Kingdom
7 points Total
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(King Philip Cried Out For Goodness Sake)
Field Trip Next Week
Permission Slips
Rides: We will be leaving from class and
returning back to class by 1:00pm.
Bring: Water-Sun Screen-Towel –
Lab book and pencil/pen
Wear cloths that can get wet
SEAPERCH
AUVSI Foundation
(Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems
International)
Kingdom Protista: Multicellular
Algae
• Seaweeds, multicellular algae are all
eukaryotic and have more complex
structures and more intricate reproductive
strategies than single-cell algae.
• They are found on hard rocky surfaces,
depths of 200 meters, and they form
forests of kelp.
Seaweeds can influence the environmental
conditions for other marine organisms by
providing food, wave protection, and even
a place upon which to attach.
Structures of Seaweed
They do not have true leaves, stems and
roots like plants.
Their body is called the thallus, which is the
complete body of an alga, not
differentiated into true leaves, stems and
roots.
Blades – pneumatocysts – stipe- holdfast
See Figure 3.6 (page 65)
Green Algae
Phylum Chlorophyta
These organisms are widespread, occurring in
marine environments, fresh water, and even on
land.
Only 10% of the species are marine, yet you can
sometimes find dense populations of these in
certain ocean environments.
Green Algae have chlorophyll as their main
photosynthetic pigment so their thallus appears
bright green.
Some of the simpliest green algae
Are planktonic with flagella and can cause
blooms in tide pools or salt water marshes
in the tropics.
Some form filamentous, growing on many
surfaces such as rocks in shallow water,
tide pools, and even on other algae.
Ulva, Green Algae
Is found in extremely diverse environments.
It has a thallus that is flattened into a very
thin sheet only two cell layers thick and is
commonly called “sea lettuce.” The genus
Caulerpa has many different species that
grow in the tropics, displaying a great
assortment of shapes
Halimeda (Figure 3.7, page 66)
Deposits calcium carbonate on their green
thalli and are found on coral reefs or in
bays. These actually form limestone in the
sediment.
Brown Algae (Phylum Phaeophyta)
They are mostly found in marine and inhabit cold
waters.
They have chlorophyll, it is often masked by
yellowish pigment that results in an olive or
brownish color.
The walls of these algae contain
algin. If you have ever eaten
pudding, ice cream, or bottled
salad dressing, you have eaten
algin.
Fucus, Sargassum and
Macrocystis (or Kelp)
Ficus (or rockweed) is found on rocky shores.
Sargassum: most species of this genus grow on rocks,but
two species float off the atlantic coast of North America.
They do not attach themselves, but have numerous grapelike pneumatocysts to so they can float. They are called
Sargasso Sea and act as floating nurseries.
Macrosystic (or Kelp): This genus contains the largest kelp
which can grow to 100 meters. They can grow 2 feet per
day and are harvested in many parts of the world for food.
Their forests provide a very productive ecosystem.
Red Algae (Phylum Rhodophata)
There are more red algae species than both green and
brown but together.
They are reddish from pigments called phycobilins which
mask their chlorophyll. This pigment excel in dimly lit
situations to produce photosynthesis at depths below
200 meters.
Red Algae is a source of agar, a substance scientists use
to grow bacteria. It is also a source of carrageenan
which is an emulsifying agent for food.
Four Basic Life Cycles of Marine
Algae (Figure 3.9)
• The Life cycle of Green Algae
• http://youtu.be/0bxK7eXfsAc
Kingdom Fungi
Marine fungi behave life bacteria by
decomposing dead organic matter. The
other types exist with algae in a
relationship known as symbiosis. In this
situation a new organism, a lichen results.
Symbiosis: is a close relationship between
two species where at least one benefits.
Lichen: An organism that results from the
symbiosis between a fungus and an alga.
So how does this work??
• In this symbiotic relationship, the fungus
provides the organism’s support with its
filamentous structure, and the alga provide
food produced from photosynthesis. Both
organisms contribute
something to this
association and
both benefit.
Kingdom Plantae
1. Sea grasses are completely marine.
2. Salt water march plants
3. Mangroves
Sea grasses (Figure 3.10)
There are 45 species of seagrasses around the
world, many are restricted to the shallow water
of the warm tropics.
They looks like vascular plants that reproduce with
flowers and seeds. However, they behave
differently. Long flat sea grass leaves provide
shelter and food for many animals and also help
hold the sandy ocean bottom in place.
Most sea grasses sent out horizontal stems
that hold them down in the sediment or
onto rocks. From these stems they send
out vertical leaves.
They do not have to produce large flowers
because water currents move the male
gamete (pollen).
Eel grass:
Turtle grass:
Salt Water Marsh Plants
They are not really marine plants, but they are land plants that can
withstand a salty environment.
Only their roots
are submerged
in seawater, and
only at high tides.
These grasses
lives in temperate regions
of the world in soft, sandy
areas along the coast.
They have special
glands in their leaves
to remove the excess
salts from their cells.
Mangroves
Like salt water marsh plants, mangroves are
salt-tolerant plants. Unlike marsh grasses,
they cannot tolerate frost. They are found
in the tropics and subtropics.
Red Mangroves
White Mangroves
Black Mangroves
Experiment 3.B: Sea Grass
To Observe the different species of sea
grass. To observe the epiphytes on the
sea grasses.
Experiment 3.C: Mangrove
Identification
• To examine and identify the 3 different kinds
of mangroves.
Prop root structure Propagules Leaves
• Red,
• White,
• Black.
Tropical Zonation of Mangroves
Homework
Finish Module 3 OYO and Study guide
questions.
Complete Labs 3.B: Sea Grass and 3.C:
Mangroves.
Take Module 3 Test
Begin reading Module 4 (pages 77-87)
Field Trip to South Lido Park next week.