Transcript RLO- Mango minor pests

Identification, Symptoms and nature of
damage: Minor pest
Leaf Webber
Slug caterpillar
Red ants
Identification, Symptoms
and nature of damage of
mango leaf webber
(Lepidoptera: Pyralida)
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Mango Leaf Webber, Orthaga euadrusalis
Earlier, the leaf webber or “tent caterpillar”, Orthaga
euadrusalis Walker was considered as one of the minor
pests of mango
Since last five years it has become a major problem in
North India, especially in old, crowded orchards where
there is excessive shade.
Source:http://www.plantwise.org
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Identification
Source: http://www.ikisan.com/Crop%20Specific/
ap_img/brinjal/br_lwdamage.jpg
Adult - Brown moth of medium size with wavy lines
on fore wings.
Eggs - Eggs are laid in clusters of about ten, on buds
and young leaves
Larva - Pale greenish with brown head and
prothroacic shield. Fully grown caterpillar measures
2.5 to 3 cm.
Pupa - Pupation takes place in silken cocoons
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Symptoms
Leaflets, flowers and pods are held together to form a web by
larvae
Larvae feed from inside these webs and
give burnt appearance Growth of the
terminal shoot is impaired if infested
Infestations may begin as early as seedling
stage and continue during flowering and podding
The infestation is severe in shady conditions.
Old orchards with lesser space between tree canopy have more
infestation than open orchards.
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Nature of Damage
Its infestation starts from the month of April and goes
up to December.
Eggs are laid singly or in clusters within silken
webbings on leaves. Upon hatching, the caterpillars
feed on leaf surface by scrapping.
Later, they make web of tender shoots and leaves
together and feed within.
Generally, 1-9 larvae are found in a single web.
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Nature of Damage
Pupation takes place inside the webs in silken
cocoons.
The life-cycle takes 3-4 weeks
However, the last generation (DecemberJanuary) pupates in the soil.
The pupae diapause for about five to six
months.
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Identification, Symptoms
and nature of damage of
Slug Caterpillar
Latoia lepida
(Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)
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Identification
Caterpillar - fleshy and slug like,
greenish body with white lines
Four rows of spiny tipped red or
black which causes irritation and
pain due to glandular secretion.
Adult - green wings with
prominent dark patch at the base
of each forewing
Source: http://www.rakbankerd.com/kaset/Plant/2958_1.jpg
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Symptoms of damage
Feed gregariously on the leaves
Cause defoliation – leaving only the midrib
and veins
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Life Cycle of slug caterpillar
Moth lay eggs flat shining eggs in batches of 20-30
on undersurface of leaves.
The caterpillars feed on leaves. The full grown larva
is 2.5 mm approximately. Larva possesses spines
which cause irritation and pain if touched.
Pupation takes place on stem in compact elliptical
cocoon.
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Nest of ants
on
mango tree
Identification, Symptoms
and nature of damage of
Red Ants
(Hymenoptera :Formicidae)
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Red Ant, Oecophylla smaragdina
Identification
The wingless ants or the workers measuring 1.2 cm long
Resembles house hold ants, but they are slightly longer
The workers are orangish red in colour
The male and female ants are greenish in colour
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Life Cycle
A colony of ants has
– one queen
– Number of soldiers
– Two kinds of workers
http://www.myrmecos.net/formicinae
Eggs, larvae and pupa housed separately
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Eggs are covered with mucilage. Incubation period: 4-8 days
Three larval instars: 10-17 days
Pupal Period: 5-7 days
Life cycle is completed in 20-30 days
They store no food material except some coccids and aphids,
whose honey-dew secretion the relish.
These are somewhat dynamic in that they may grow, or move
when leaves die.
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Nature of Damage/Control
The ants stitch together few leaves and build
their nests in them on the trees
The ants do not cause any direct injury or loss to the tree.
Indirectly, the damage is caused by protecting aphids and scale
insects from being preyed upon by their parasitoids and
predators and also carries the nymphs of aphids, mealy bugs and
scale insects from tree to tree thus spreading the infection of
these noxious pests.
These ants aggressively defend "nests" and trees and, whilst they
do not sting, chemicals in the saliva can irritate the skin.
They cause annoyance and make harvesting difficult.
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Red Ant, Oecophylla smaragdina
As Bio-control agent
They also feed other insect pests
and can be used in IPM for
controlling other pests
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Summary
Leaf webbers are active from Dec-April. Larvae webs the leaves
and scrape the chlorophyll that results in drying and withering of
leaves. Pupation trakes place inside the web
Slug Caterpillar are fleshy and slug like, greenish body with rows of
spiny tipped red or black hairs which causes irritation and pain due
to glandular secretion. They Feed gregariously on the leaves, cause
defoliation
Weaver ants/red ants stitch together few leaves and build their nests
in them on the trees. They cause annoyance and make harvesting
difficult.
Red ants also feed other insect pests and can be used in IPM for
controlling other pests
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