Transcript crop sci poster, pittpa, 2009, latest so use this one

Assessment of Anthocyanin and Agronomic Trait
Variation in some Commonly used Medicinal
Legumes
J.B. Morris, USDA, ARS, PGRCU,
[email protected]
Abstract
Leaf anthocyanin indexes by leaf
color
Anthocyanin
index
Some legumes are medicinal plants. Indigofera suffruticosa
is used in Brazil for infections and inflammation (4).
Desmodium adscendens is a plant used in treating asthma in
Ghana, Africa (1). Canavalia ensiformis contains
concanavalin A lectin used in medical diagnostics. Senna
occidentalis is used to treat measles in Nigeria (3) while S.
covesii is used for gastrointestinal disorders in Mexico (2).
Even though anthocyanins are resonsible for plant, flower,
and seed color, some anthocyanins inhibit colon cancer (5).
The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the amount
of anthocyanin from leaves and 2) characterize agronomic
trait variability. Leaf anthocyanin indexes ranged from 6.7 to
29.2. These traits contributed to variation in I. suffruticosa
and Senna spp.
An Opti Sciences CCM-200 chlorophyll content meter was
converted to a hand-held anthocyanin meter by replacing
the 655 nm LED with a 520 nm LED in order to measure
absorbance near the wavelength at which cyanidin and
pelargonidin monoglucosides absorb. Anthocyanin indexes
were recorded from each of 3 leaves in July, August,
September, and October, 2006.
29.2 a
26.3 a
24.8 a
15.2 b
14.7 bc
14.5 bc
13.7 bc
13.1 bc
11.3 bc
10.7 bc
10.0 bc
6.7 c
Le a f a nthocya nin inde x e s a mong
spp.
30
25
Anth.
inde x
20
Eigenvectors and principal
components for 6 traits in I.
suffruticosa and Senna spp.
Principal components
Trait
1
2
3
10
0
yg lg
yr gpv g
p
dg
b
Leaf color
Leaf anthocyanin indexes, 2006
30
Anth 20
index 10
Leaf anthocyanin index among accessions.
Species
Acc.
N Index
PI 288246 5
PI 206323 9
PI 200812 3
PI 240716 9
PI 331110 8
PI 316623 23
PI 368146 6
PI 362193 5
PI 237955 13
PI 479771 12
PI 338595 2
PI 194854 3
20
yg = yellow green, lg = lt. green, yr = yellow
red, gpv = green, purple vein, g = green,
p = purple, dg = dk. green, b = bronze
Materials and Methods
Senna covesii
I. ndigofera suffruticosa
S. occidentalis
I. suffruticosa
I. suffruticosa
Desmodium adscendens
Canavalia ensiformis
C. ensiformis
D. adscendens
D. adscendens
D. adscendens
S. occidentalis
30
0
July
Aug
Sept
S. spp.
I. suffruticosa
D. adscendens
C. ensiformis
3.6827
2.3172
61.38
38.62
61.38
100.00
S. spp.
1
2
3.9783
2.0216
66.31
33.69
66.31
100.00
D. adscendens
1
2
3
1.8705
0.8208
0.3085
62.35
27.36
10.29
62.35
89.71
100.00
15
10
5
0
Spe cie s
S. cove s ii
I. s uffr uticos a
S. occide ntalis
C. e ns ifor m is
D. ads ce nde ns
0.37
0.63
0.11
0.54
0.30
-0.22
S. spp.
Anthocyanin index
Plant ht.
Plant wdth.
DTM
Seed no.
100 sd. wt.
-0.37
0.50
0.36
-0.22
0.41
0.50
-0.47
-0.004
-0.47
0.62
0.38
-0.03
D. adscendens
Anthocyanin index
Leaf color
Month
0.61
0.65
0.43
Oct
Eigenvalues and the proportion of total varibility
among species as explained by the principal
components in I. suffruticosa and S. occidentalis.
PC
Eigenvalue % Variability % Cummulative
I. suffruticosa
1
2
I. suffruticosa
Anthocyanin index 0.42
Plant ht.
-0.14
Plant wd.
0.51
DTM
-0.28
Seed no.
0.45
100 sd. wt.
0.48
-0.43
-0.17
0.88
0.65
-0.73
0.18
Correlations.
Only plant ht. was correlated with 100 sd. Wt (r =
0.998*) in Senna spp. Anthocyanin index
significantly correlated with leafcolor (r = 0.672***)
in D. adscendens.
References
1.Barreto. 2002. Braz. J. Biol. 62:223-230.
2.Moreno-Salazar et al. 2007. Fitoterapia 79:132141.
3.Sonibare et al. 2009. J. Ethnopharma. 122:268272.
4.Vieira et al. 2007. Evid. Based Comple. Alt.
Med. 4:355-359.
5. Zhao et al. 2004. J. Agric. Food Chem.
52:6122-6128.