Transcript 03fd-India

Use of ethylenediurea (EDU) as a research
tool in assessing the impact of ambient
ozone on plants
Madhoolika Agrawal
Professor in Botany
Department of Botany
Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi-221 005, India
Impact of ozone on plants
Higher levels of ozone cause
• Foliar injury
• Accelerate senescence
• Decrease plant growth
• Alter plant metabolism
• Reduce crop yield
Assessment of O3 injury on plants using
EDU
• Ethylenediurea
(N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl) ethyl]- N’
phenylurea; EDU)
• Synthetic chemical
• Provides
protection to wide range of plants from O injury
without confounding effects of its own
3
• Allows assessment of yield losses
EDU as a tool to assess ozone injury on
mungbean plants
• EDU solution (400 ppm) @ 100 ml plant
-1
as soil
drench, one week after seedling emergence, at interval
of 10 days up to 70 days
• Mean ozone concentration 60 ppb
• From March to June 2006
O3 Concentration Exceeding 50, 60, 70 And 80 ppb
During The Experimental Period (April To June 2006)
10
50 ppb
60 ppb
70 ppb
80 ppb
Hours exceeding
8
6
4
2
0
12.4. 18.4. 24.4. 30.4. 6.5. 12.5. 8.5. 24.5. 30.5. 6.6. 12.6. 18.6. 24.6.
Date of observations
Effect of EDU treatment on weight and number
of seeds and pods of mungbean plants
Non-EDU
EDU
-1
8
Weight (g plant )
***
**
6
4
2
0
200
-1
Number (plant )
***
150
100
50
**
0
Seed
Pod
EDU as a tool to assess ozone injury on
wheat plants
• EDU (150, 300 and 450 ppm) at 10 days interval after
germination up to 100 days age
• Mean ozone concentration 43 ppb
• From December 2002 to April 2003
Date of observation
4.0
4.0
3
7.0
3.0
3
14
.03
.03
21
.03
.03
28
.03
.03
5
8.0
2.0
3
15
.02
.03
21
.02
.03
28
.02
.03
6
1.0
2.0
3
7
3.0
1.0
3
10
.01
.03
18
.01
.03
25
.01
.03
20
.12
.02
27
.12
.02
Hours exceeding
O3 CONCENTRATIONS EXCEEDING 40, 50 AND 60 ppb
DURING THE EXPERIMENTAL PERIOD
8
40 ppb
50 ppb
60 ppb
4
3
2
1
0
Variations in the seed weight of two wheat varieties
at different EDU concentrations
16
Weight of Seeds (g plant-1)
14
b
Control
150 ppm
300 ppm
450 ppm
12
10
ab
a a a
b
a
b
8
6
4
2
0
Malviya 533
Malviya 234
Relationship between concentrations of
EDU and yields of wheat cultivars
24
Yield (g plant-1)
M 533: 8.95+ 0.51x; r = 0.30, NS
22 M 234: 6.77+2.08x; r = 0. 65, p<0.01
Malviya 234
Malviya 533
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
Non EDU
150 ppm
300 ppm
EDU treatment (ppm)
450 ppm
EDU as a tool to assess ozone injury on
palak plants
• EDU (200, 300 and 400 ppm) at 10 days interval after
germination up to 60 days age (100 ml)
• Mean ozone concentration 64 ppb
• From 15 April to 15 June 2007
th
th
Non EDU
200 ppm EDU
300 ppm EDU
400 ppm EDU
Effect of EDU treatment on fresh leaf weight of
palak plants
Fresh leaf weight (g plant-1)
30
25
20
a
Non EDU
200 ppm
300 ppm
400 ppm
15
a a
b
b
bb
a
b
b
10
c
c
5
0
20 DAG
40 DAG
60 DAG
Shoot biomass (g plant-1)
4
3
Non EDU
200 ppm
300 ppm
400 ppm
a
b
c
2
a a
d
b
1
c
0
20 DAG
40 DAG
Effect of EDU treatment on shoot
biomass of palak plants
Comparison of yield of palak grown in filtered and
non-filtered chambers and at different EDU treatments
Summer Palak
40
Yield (g plant -1)
30
20
10
0
Winter palak
40
30
20
10
0
NF
Cs
FC
s
U
pm
ED
N
on
ED
U
1
p
50
U
ED
pm
p
00
3
Treatments
ED
U
4
p
00
pm
EDU as a tool to assess ozone injury on
potato plants
• EDU (400 ppm) at 10 days interval after germination up to 110
days age (100, 150 and 200 ml)
• Mean ozone concentration 42 ppb
• From 30
th
October 2007 to 15th February 2008
62
Nox
Mean hourly NOx, NO and NO2 conc (ppb)
52
NO
NO2
42
32
22
12
2
-8
-18
-28
July, 07
Aug, 07
Sept, 07
Oct, 07
Nov,07
Dec,07 Jan,08
85
75
Mean hourly Ozone conc. (ppb)
65
55
45
40.61
35
25
15
5
July, 07
Aug, 07
Sept, 07
Oct, 07
Nov,07
Dec,07
Jan,08
NS
6
4
Effect of EDU treatment on fresh weight of tuber of
2
potato plants
2
0
40 DAG 60 DAG 80 DAG
40 DAG 60 DAG 80 DAG
Non EDU
EDU
300
Fresh weight of tubers (g plant-1)
0
Tuber widt
4
NS
*
250
200
150
100
50
0
NS
40 DAG
*
60 DAG
80 DAG
Effect of EDU treatment on yield of
potato plants
600
*
Yield (g plant-1)
500
400
300
200
100
0
Non EDU
EDU
Symptoms on potato leaves
EDU Treated
Non - EDU Treated
EDU Treated
Non - EDU Treated
Conclusions
In EDU –treated plants
• Enhancement
in plant
accumulation and yield
height, leaf area, biomass
• Effect
on plant growth varied with plants, cultivars,
growth stage and concentrations of EDU
• Higher
magnitude of protection to yield as compared
to growth parameters (high concentration of O during
anthesis period)
3
• Higher
magnitude of protection to sensitive than
resistant cultivar
• Greater
protection during summer as compared to
winter season in palak
General Conclusions
• EDU can be successfully used for assessing O induced
3
changes in plants under ambient field conditions
• EDU
can be used as a tool in biomonitoring
programme to map O3 injury in plants especially in
developing countries (major constraints: continuous
electricity and non-availability of monitoring
equipments)