Transcript Monocots Dicots

Plant Kingdom
Plant Classification
Plant Kingdom
Bryophytes Tracheophytes
Seedless
Seeds
Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Monocots Dicots
Bryophytes
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Simplest plants
Lack true stems and leaves
Lack vascular systems
Problem with fertilization
Examples: Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Seedless Vascular Plants
• Vascular tissue is present.
• Moist environments.
• Flagellated sperm rely on water.
Snake Grass
Monocots
Dicots
Stoma
Cuticle-coated epidermal cell
Light micrograph of a leaf’s stomata
Stomatal Action
Healthy stomata
Closed
Open
Clogged stomata
• Plant cells
showing
choroplasts
inside.
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What does the orange represent?
How many sections does the orange have?
What does this mean?
What is the carrot? What type does it represent?
Can you see rings in the carrot? What makes the rings?
Briefly explain what the rings are.
Where are the seeds of a strawberry? How many seeds
do you think it has? Why would they be here?
8. Explain the difference between monocots and dicots.
9. Sketch both types, both flowers and stem cross section.
10. Look at two flower types under a scope. How many
stamen are there? What are arrangements of stamen in
relation to pistil (carpel)?
11. Sketch the underneath side of a leaf. What are the
important structures. What is the purpose of these? Do
they function the same in all plants? Name the
differences.
12. Name two things you know now that you didn’t 1 hour
ago.
Division
Common
Name
Dominant
Fluid
Generation Transport
Sperm
Transport
Dispersal
Unit
Bryophyta
Mosses
Gametophyte
Nonvascular
Flagellated
Sperm
Spores
Lycophyta
Club
mosses
Sporophyte
Vascular
Flagellated
Sperm
Spores
Horsetails
Sporophyte
Vascular
Flagellated
Sperm
Spores
Ferns
Sporophyte
Vascular
Flagellated
Sperm
Spores
Conifers
Sporophyte
Vascular
Wind –
Pollen
Seeds
Flower
Plants
Sporophyte
Vascular
Wind/Animal
- Pollin
Seeds
Sphenophyta
Pterophyta
Coniferophya
Anthophyta
Vegetative Propagation
• Bulbs – short stems underground, Onions
• Runners – horizontal above ground stems,
Strawberries
• Tubers – underground stems, Potatoes
• Grafting – cutting of a stem, attach it to
closely related plant, Seedless oranges
Plant Tropisms
• Phototropism – response to sunlight,
e.g. plants bend towards the light
• Thigmotropism – response to touch,
e.g. ivy grows around posts
• Gravitropism – response to gravity,
– Positive – roots
– Negative – stems
These responses are initiated by hormones, mostly
of the class called Auxins
Functions of
Plant Hormones
Gibberellins
Promotes stem elongation
Cytokinins
Promotes cell division and
differentiation
Ethylene
Induces leaf abscission and
promotes fruit ripening
Abscisic acid Inhibits leaf abscission and
promotes bud and seed dormancy
Flower Parts
• Before fertilization can occur, the pollen grain on the
stigma must germinate.
• Each pollen grain contains a tube cell and a generative cell.
• The tube cell forms a pollen tube that grows down inside
the style to an ovule. The role of the pollen tube is to enter
the stigma of the plant and to reach the ovule, allowing
fertilization to take place. The tube cell does not increase in
volume during the several centimeters growth of the pollen
tube. It generally takes less than a day for the pollen tube to
reach the ovule.
• The generative cell divides to form two sperm that move
down the pollen tube.
• The pollen tube provides a pathway for the sperm to reach
the egg cell in the ovule.
• One sperm fertilizes the egg cell and together they form the
zygote.
• The other sperm unites with the polar bodies in the ovule
and together they form the nutritive tissue for the zygote.
Pollen Grains
Grass
Rose
Root
types
Plant Biology Video