Transcript ANGIOSPERMS “flowering plants”

Take 5: 3/6/12
• What is the primary difference between the seeds of
conifers and anthophytes (flowering plants)?
Anthophyte seeds are encased in fruits; conifer
seeds are produced in cones
• Identify characteristics shared by all nonvascular plants.
-lack vascular tissue
-typically small in size
-have a dominant gametophyte generation
-grow in moist, shady areas
• Explain how guard cells function and regulate the size of
a stoma.
- by opening and closing stoma they regulate water
loss
Take 5: 3/20/12
• The lives of _____
All plants include two
generations that alternate.
• Gametophyte spores are ___________
and
haploid
sporophyte tissue cells are _____________.
diploid
• Which structure anchors mosses to soil?
Rhizoids
Cell Wall
• Plants cells all have a __________
composed
of cellulose.
Take 5: 3/21/12
• Which tissue produces new cell growth of the
plant? Meristematic Tissue
• Both algae and plants sore their food in the
form of _______________.
Starch
• Anthophytes that live for only one year or less
are called _______________________.
Annuals
• The movement of sugars through the phloem is
Translocation
called ______________________________.
ANGIOSPERMS
“flowering plants”
Monocot vs Dicot
What is a flower?
Sexual reproductive part of a plant
What is it made up of?
Sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
A) Sepals:
Green leaves, protect the developing
flower
B) Petals:
Attract pollinators
C) Stamens: Male reproductive part
Made up of:
Anther: makes pollen
Filament: Holds up anther
D) Pistils: Female reproductive part
Made up of:
Stigma: Sticky, where pollen attaches
Style: Holds up stigma
Ovary: Stores ovules (eggs)
COMPLETE FLOWER
Has all 4 organs: sepals, petals, stamen
and pistils
INCOMPLETE FLOWER
Lacks one or more organs
Ex: just a male flower, missing pistils
POLLINATION
• Pollination by
_______________________
Wind, animals, insects,
• Which method is least efficient for the
plants? _________
Wind
• Some angiosperms produce nectar
(protein and sugars)
POLLINATION
• How do plants attract pollinators?
Colors, smells, sweet nectar, etc..
• *One example: flowers of certain orchids
resemble female wasps. A visiting male
wasp attempts to mate and becomes
covered with pollen.
• Wild orchid wasp mimic
Fertilization
Fertilization
• 1) A pollen grain lands on stigma.
• 2) It begins to grow a pollen tube.
• 3) The tube grows down into the style and finally into the
ovary where it intersects an ovule.
• 4) Two sperm nuclei travel down the pollen tube.
(Double fertilization!)
• 5) One sperm unites with the egg forming a diploid
zygote.
• 6) The other sperm unites with the ‘central cell.’
Seed Formation
• I) The fertilized zygote continues to divide
& develop into an embryo plant
• II) The central cell develops into the seed’s
endosperm (storage tissue).
• III) The wall of the ovule becomes the
seed coat (protects & helps with
dispersal).
Fruit Formation
Fruit Formation
• The ovary enlarges and becomes the fruit.
The seeds stay protected inside.
• Fleshy fruits (apples, melons, tomatoes)
and dry fruits (peanuts, sunflower seeds, walnuts)
Seed Dispersal
• Method 1: Be EATEN! Uneaten seeds pass through
digestive system undamaged and are deposited in the
waste. Nice and warm and full of nutrients!
• Method 2: Some animals bury them, drop them, or lose
them. ex: squirrels and birds
• Method 3: Develop with air pockets to help you float.
• Method 4: Develop structural adaptations to help you be
dispersed by wind or attach to animal fur.
Video Clips
•
•
•
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World’s biggest flower – Titan Arum (2.28)
Giant Amazon Waterlily (4.27)
Flowers in the desert (3.18)
White Crab spider (1.24)
Seed Germination
Seed Germination
• When seed reach maturity, the seed coat dries
and __________ to survive harsh conditions
• Some seeds must germinate within
_____________ or they will DIE
• Other seeds wait until conditions are
___________ (times vary depending on plant)
– This period of inactivity in a mature seed is known as
____________
– Some desert wildflowers can wait up to 20 years!
Requirements to sprout (“germinate”)
• _____________: beginning of development of
embryo into a new plant
• Needed materials: Presence of ______,
__________, __________, ___________,
________________
• The specific conditions vary for all plants
– Some seeds need: freezes, fire, extensive soaking,
to pass through the acidic digestive system
Process
Process
• 1) Embryo starts to emerge from the seed
• 2) First part to appear is the embryonic root
aka radicle
• 3) Hypocotyl = portion of stem nearest seed
(first part to push above ground)
•  As it grows it carries the cotyledons & first
leaves.
• Germination of a seed “How stuff works”
(1.18)