Transcript Vascular Plants

What is a plant?
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Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they
make their own food.
 They are also called producers.
All plants are eukaryotes.
All plants are multicellular.
All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall.
All plant cells contain green chloroplasts, which
contain chlorophyll.
 Chlorophyll changes carbon dioxide, water and
the energy in sunlight into food (glucose, a
sugar) for the plant to use.
 This process is known as photosynthesis.
Obtaining Water and Other Nutrients
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Vascular Plants have
tissues, or groups of cells,
that are specialized to
obtain water and other
nutrients.
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Phloem (Flow-um) is the
vascular tissue that carries
food (sugar) throughout
large plants.
Xylem (zy-lum) is the
vascular tissue that carries
water and other nutrients
throughout large plants.
Obtaining Water and Other Nutrients
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Nonvascular Plants are so small that water
and other nutrients can move from one
cell to the next through the processes of
diffusion and osmosis.
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They do not have vascular tissues.
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Non-vascular plants can get water from the
environment or nearby cells.
Roots
Anchor seed plants to the ground
 Absorb water and minerals from the soil
 Sometimes store food in the form of
starch
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Stems
Carry substances between the roots and
leaves
 Support the plant
 Hold the leaves up to the sun
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Leaves
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Capture the sun’s
energy and carry out
photosynthesis
Leaves have tiny holes
called stomata which
allow water to
evaporate from the
leaves.
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This process is known
as transpiration.
Reproduction
All plants undergo sexual reproduction
that involves fertilization, the joining of a
sperm cell with an egg cell.
 Some plants require water to be present
in order for the sperm to fertilize the egg.
 Some plants reproduce by releasing
spores.
 Other plants reproduce by producing
seeds that enclose the zygote.
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Tropisms
Plants respond to environmental stimuli
through tropisms.
 A tropism is a plant’s growth response
toward or away from a stimulus
 Touch, light, and gravity are three
important stimuli to which plants show
growth responses, or tropisms.
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Thigmotropism- response to touch
Phototropism- response to light
Gravitropism – response to gravity
Photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis is the process where plants
take the energy from sunlight and change
it into food (glucose)
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Water and carbon dioxide are required for
photosynthesis to take place.
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen.
Photosynthesis.asf
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Reproduction
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Angiosperms are
flowering plants.
They have specialized
reproductive organs
called flowers.
Flower buds are
protected by a leaflike sepal.
Petals are usually
colorful in order to
attract pollinators,
such as insects.
Reproduction
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Inside the flower are the
male stamen and the
female pistil.
The stamen is made of a
stalk-like filament that
holds up the anther, which
produces pollen (contains
the sperm)
The pistil has a sticky
stigma that is held up by
the style. The style
connects the stigma to the
ovary, which contains the
eggs.
Reproduction
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Once the eggs are
fertilized, they become
seeds and the ovary turns
into a fruit.
Seed plants go through a
variety of developmental
stages beginning with the
germination of the seed.
Germination requires
water.
The seed contains the
young plant and stored
food
Gymnosperms
These are non-flowering vascular plants
that produce naked seeds, seeds not
enclosed by a fruit.
 Many have needle-like leaves.
 They reproduce using structures called
cones.
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Exit Slips
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Take out a sheet of paper, write your name on
it, and answer the following questions.
What does multicellular mean?
How do non-vascular plants get water?
What tissue do vascular plants use to transport
food?
In what part of the plant does most
transpiration occur?
After fertilization takes place in a flower, what
does the ovary become?