Transcript 5th tundra - Duluth High School

Characteristics of Tundra
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Permanently frozen subsoil (permafrost)
Low temps
Low biotic diversity
Simply structured vegetation
Limited soil drainage
Short season for growth and reproduction of flora and fauna
Majority of energy and nutrients found in the form of dead organic
material
• Constant immigration and migration of fauna for a continually
vacillating animal population
• Nitrogen and phosphorus are the most prominent elements
Temp of Arctic
• Only found in northern hemisphere
• Summer high temperature is 54 degrees
Fahrenheit
• Low light freezing temps
• Short growing season
• During midsummer, 24hr sunshine
supports a burst of plant growth and insect
life
Temp of Alpine
• Found on mountains throughout the globe
• Growing season is 90-180 days (short and
intense)
• Night time temps are always below freezing
• Freezing temps is the result of high latitude
Rainfall
• 10 to 25cm(6-10in)
Types of Organisms
• Willows, sedges, grasses, mosses and
lichens (dominate the vegetation)
• Musk-ox caribou, sheep, and goats
• They are migratory
Alpine Tundra Food Web
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SNOW LEOPARD- ALPACA-GRASS, WEED, SHRUBS
WILD BOARS- ACORNS, NUTS, PECANS, ROOTS, GRASS, MUSHROOM, FRUITS, DEAD
ANIMALS
MICE- GRAINS, FRUITS, SEEDS
DEER- WEED, HAY, GRASS, CORN
MARMOTS- GRASS, FLOWERS, HERBS, SEEDS
HARES- GRASS, BUDS, TWIGS, BARKS
ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK-MICE-GRAINS, FRUITS, SEEDS
SQUIRRELS-SEEDS, NUTS, FRUITS, FUNGI, LEAVES, TWIGS
RABBITS-GRASS, FRUITS, SHRUBS
WOLVES-RODENTS-GRAINS, FRUITS, SEEDS
CARIBOU-LICHENS, GRASS, LEAVES, SEDGES, MUSHROOM
RABBIT-GRASS, FRUITS, SHRUBS
DEER-WEED, HAY, GRASS, CORN
FOXES-RABBITS-GRASS, FRUITS, SHRUBS
RODENTS-GRAINS, FRUITS, SEEDS
FISH-ALGAE, PLANKTON,
WORMS-BACTERIA, FUNGI, PROTOZOA, DECAYING ANIMALS
BIRDS-SEEDS, NECTER, BERRIES, FRUITS,
INSECTS-OTHER INSECTS, LEAVES, FRUITS, GRASS, DIRT
WORMS-BACTERIA, FUNGI, PROTOZOA, DECAYING ANIMALS
Arctic Food Web
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Top 4 Carnivores:
-Arctic Foxes
-Polar Bears
-Kittiwakes (form of seabird)
-Snowy Owls
Top 4 Producers:
-liverworts(leafy with a form very much like a flattened moss)
-grasses
-Caribou mosses (looks like a foamy, gray-green spongy mass, and
grows to be 1 to 4 inches high)
-lichens (made up of algae & fungi)