Transcript File
Pest Management Essential Standard 8.00Compare distinguishing chrematistics of pest. Objective 8.01 • Discuss the anatomy and life cycle of pest. What is an insect? • Small animals that have three body regions and three pairs of legs equaling six legs • Body regions – head – thorax – abdomen Types of Insects • The five types of mouthparts are important in identifying and controlling insects. – – – – – Chewing Piercing-sucking Rasping-sucking Siphoning Sponging Chewing Insects • Insects tear, chew or grind food • Examples – – – – grasshopper Beetle Cutworms Caterpillars • Damage by chewing insects includes tearing, chewing, or grinding all parts of the plant Piercing-Sucking Insects • Punctures plant and sucks the sap usually from underside of the leaves or the stem • Examples – – – – – Aphids Mealy bugs Mites Scale whiteflies • Damage causes yellow spotted leaves which result in stunted growth Rasping-Sucking insects • Rasps or breaks surface and sucks sap • Example – thrips • Damaged plant tissue becomes speckled and white Siphoning insects • Have a coiled tube they dip into liquid food such as nectar and draw it in • Example – butterflies • Siphoning insects do little to no damage to the plant Sponging Insects • Have two sponge-like structures that collect liquid food and move it into the food canal • Example – houseflies • Sponging insects can carry germs or diseases that can damage plants Life Cycles • Complete metamorphosis has four stages – – – – egg larva-worms or caterpillars Pupa- resting stage adult-flies, beetles, etc. Life Cycles • Incomplete metamorphosis has three stages – egg – Nymph- baby insect – Adult • Insects must be killed when they are feeding or actively moving on the plant Life Cycles Chewing Insects • Parts of leaves are eaten away – – – – beetles cutworms caterpillars grasshoppers Chewing Insects • Beetles – eat leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and nuts • Cutworms – usually attack stems, but may eat other plant parts Chewing Insects • Caterpillars – – – – larva of moths and butterflies fuzzy or hairy eat young leaves and stems roll up in leaves making leaves curl • Grasshoppers – eat all parts of plants Sucking Insects • • • • • • Aphids Leaf bugs Mealy bugs Scale Thrips Whiteflies Aphids • Pierce and suck juices • known as plant lice • cause stunted growth and yellow spotted leaves • causes sticky substances and black mold • will attract ants Aphids Leaf Bugs • Cause plants to look unhealthy • plants will lose their normal color and wilt Leaf Bugs Mealy Bugs • Pierce and suck from underside of leaves and in leaf axils causing yellow appearance and sticky secretions Mealy bugs Scale • Appear as black or brown raised lumps attached to stems and underside of leaves causing yellow leaves and stunted growth Scale Thrips • Chew and then suck causing plant tissue to become speckled or whitened, leaf tip to wither, curl up, or die Thrips Whiteflies • Feed on underside of young leaves causing yellowing • will look like flying little white specks when plants are shaken Whiteflies Mites • Attack underside of leaves causing gray to grayish-green spots • severe infestations cause webbing Mites