Transcript Temperature Range

Tundra Biome
Coniferous Biome
Broadleaf Biome
Temperate Grassland Biome
Becky Kalish, Yarden Gavish,
Carina Wallack, Xiang Ding
B-Block
Temperate Grassland
Xiang Ding
Temperate Grassland
a) Temperature range: -40 degrees F to 100 degrees F
b) Annual precipitation: 10-30 inches of rain
c) Latitude: Located between deserts and forests
d) Description: Big open spaces, deep rich soil, heavy nutrients, “endless ocean
of grass.”
Temperate Grassland
e) Plants: 1) The prairie blazingstar plant requires full sun and rich soil with some
moisture. Bluestem grasses also depend on full sun exposure and hot climates.
f) Animals: 1) Large grazing mammals like bisons and zebras depend on open
grassland for an abundant source of food. Their herds are large, so a wide open
space is critical to their community. Both of these species’ ecological niche reside
with the grasses.
g) Abiotic Factors: A dry climate with few rainfalls prevents a grassland from
becoming a forest. Rich soil allows the growth of tall grasses.
Prairie Blazingstar
Bluestem Grass
Mama Bison with baby :)
Temperate Grassland
h) Ecological Disturbances: Grasslands stay healthy through fires and animal
grazing. When fires take place, some native plants could be removed, but a few
new species may start growing because their seeds were blown to this new
habitat. While the fire destroys most of the grasses, their roots are actually
protected by the soil. So they grow new fresh leaves after fires. New growth
provides better food source for grazing animals.
*Great video of grassland
burning! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeX_Jr1t3YQ
SOURCES:
http://www.mbgnet.net/sets/grasslnd/index.htm
http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/pr_blazingstarx.htm
http://www.answers.com/topic/bluestem-grass
Pictures were found on google.com
Tundra Biome
Becky Kalish
Temperature Range
In the summer, temperatures can go as high as 54 degrees
Fahrenheit and
as low as 37 degrees Fahrenheit. In the winter, it doesn’t get
above 20 degrees Fahrenheit and
gets as low as -30 degrees Fahrenheit.
Annual Precipitation
Precipitation totals 6-10 inches of rain a year, which includes
melted snow
Latitude
The Tundra spans from most of Greenland to parts of Alaska,
northern Canada, and parts of Russia. 75 degrees North to 60
degrees North.
Impressions of Tundra
Tundra seems like a pretty cold place most of the time, and
bleak/empty. Summer seems like it lasts for only a brief period
and even then does not get so
warm. The sun doesn’t rise very high and barely comes out
during the winter. It also seems like a
windy climate. Because of the permafrost the land is treeless
and barren.
2 Tundra Plant Species
• One plant is the Calliergon giganteum,
which is a very slow-growing aquatic plant. It does well in the
tundra because it grows on the
bottom of tundra lake beds underneath the permafrost. It has
adapted well to its cold climate.
• Another plant that grows in the Tundra is the Bearberry
plant. Since it is a low growing plant it
can stay out of the wind chill. Its leathery leaves are also an
adaption to the cold Tundra climate.
2 Tundra Animal Species
• The arctic fox is one prime example of an animal that lives in
the tundra. It has thick fur for the
cold and short ears. It makes its home in frost-free areas, and
often follows polar bears to eat off
the remains they left behind.
• The caribou is another animal that lives here. They were
originally
a part of the deer family and were brought to Alaska
beforehand because they were thought of as
good sled-drivers. Their large hooves support them on the
snow in the winter and they are also
great swimmers as well. (in the icy cold water)
Arctic Fox and Caribou
2 Abiotic Factors that Affect Tundra
WIND
CLIMATE
Wind is one major abiotic
feature that characterizes
tundra because harsh strong
winds are constantly blowing
making it
hard for its inhabitants to live
at all times of the year. In the
winter however, the strong
wind
causes many animals to go
into hibernation.
The climate is another major
abiotic factor that
contributes to the tundra. The
temperature is colder at night
due to no cloud cover, and
winter
has its freezing cold
temperatures that last for 6
months. Summer is warmer,
short and rainy.
Spring brings some flowers,
frozen ponds as well as
ECOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES
One example of an ecological disturbance in the Tundra is fire
caused by lightning. First the
plants would grow on the newly disturbed ground. (However,
cottongrass tussocks take a long
time to establish and don’t grow on recently disturbed sites)
The most common succession are
mosses. Voles are some of the first mammals to re-establish
homes in an area after a fire. Trees
and shrubs with thick, gnarled lichen covered stems are found
in the later successional stages
as well. Because little research has been done regarding
tundra succession, little information is
known about its effects on plants or animal communities.
Tundra Sources
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/tundra.htm
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/tundra_climate.htm
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/tundra.php
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/tundra_plant_page.htm
http://www.tundraanimals.net/
http://alaska.fws.gov/fire/role/unit1/background.cfm
Coniferous Biome
Yarden Gavish
What is the Coniferous Biome?
The coniferous biome is a biome consisting of many evergreen
trees, which has long cold winters, but also summers.
Where are they located?
Coniferous forests, also called Boreal or Taiga, are found in
several places around the world including
-Europe
-Asia
-Siberia
-North America
Most of these places are between 86 and 98 North latitude
Source: http://www.map-world.net/wpcontent/uploads/2011/07/world-biomes-map.jpg
Annual precipitation
The annual precipitation of a this Biome is between 14-29.5
inches
source: http://www.mbgnet.net/sets/temp/rainfall.gif
Notice that the Taiga (or Coniferous forest) is in a
tannish color
The Temperature Range
The temperature range of this biome is:
in the summer:
- -7 to 21 degrees celsius (20-70 degrees F)
in the winter
- -64 to -1 degrees celcius (-65 to 30 degrees F)
source:
http://biomef.wikispaces.com/file/view/temperature_
graph.gif/32753439/temperature_graph.gif
Notice the Taiga or Coniferous forest is in pink
2 Plant species that live here
1) Blue Spruce
2) Scotch Pine
Both of these trees are able to grow in these areas because
they are very resilient to cold weather, by not losing their
leaves, and are able to live through the long and harsh winters.
2 animals that live here
1) Grey wolf
2) Reindeer
The Grey wolf has thick fur to endure the long and cold winters
and is a carnivore eating hoofed animals like reindeer, elk,
moose and sheep, that also live in this biome
The Reindeer also has thick fur in the winter, but thin fur in the
summers which can grow warm in this region. The reindeer has
adapted to eating lichen and moss in the winter, which are
found here, and expands its diet in the summer to plants and
herbs.
2 Abiotic factors
1) Temperature
The temperature has a significant affect on this biome because
it allows only a few select plant and animal species to survive
because the temperatures get so cold in the winter.
2) Sunlight
There is very minimal sunlight reaching the forest bottom,
because of the tall evergreen trees taking up all the sunlight,
and therefore there is not a lot of vegetation on the ground of
the forest.
Ecological Disturbances
Coniferous forests are suscetible to many forest fires. The trees
have adapted to growing thick bark so as not to burn. The fires
burn off the canopies of the trees, letting sunlight escape to the
bottom of the forest. Then, new plant species grow on the
ground of the forest, and allow animals that usually cannot
survive here, to live here at least for a little while, until the
evergreen trees grow back again.
Sources for information
http://www.worldbiomes.com/biomes_forest.htm
http://www.idiotica.com/cranium/encyclopedia/content/coniferou
s.htm
http://rrms-biomes.tripod.com/id3.html
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/biomes/taiga/taiga.shtml
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/taiga.htm
Other sources for images
http://scienceblogs.com/clock/upload/2006/10/a1%20reindeer.j
pg
http://www.hmongamericansportsmenclub.com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/08/graywolf.jpg
http://www.glogster.com/media/5/26/40/23/26402345.jpg
http://bellsouthpwp2.net/s/o/songerma/images/sprucepine.JPG
Temperate Broadleaf Biome
Carina Wallack
Temperate Broadleaf Biome
Temperature Range: -30°C to 30°C
Annual Precipitation: 750 to 1,500 mm
Latitudes: 25°- 50°
Description: The forests in this part of the country and in places of
similar latitudes are temperate broadleaf forests. These forests
receive a significant amount of annual precipitation. Temperate
broadleaf forests are composed mostly of deciduous trees and have
obvious changes in seasons.
Locations of Temperate Broadleaf Forests
Plant Species
One plant species that grows in this biome is American Beech
tree. This tree is well suited for temperate broadleaf forests
because it grows best in deep, rich, moist, well-drained
soils. Another plant that grows in temperate broadleaf forests is
the Shagbark hickory tree. This tree is grows well in this biome
because it usually grows among oak trees, which are abundant in
this biome and it can grow in both wet and dry areas.
Plant Species
American Beech Tree
Shagbark Hickory Tree
Animal Species
One animal that lives in this biome is the white-tailed
deer. Temperate broadleaf forests are an appropriate habitat
for white-tailed deer because they live in brushy and forested
areas and graze on green plants in the summer and nuts and
acorns during the winter. Another animal that lives in this
biome is the coyote. Coyotes live in temperate broadleaf
forests because they can live almost anywhere and they feed
on small animals such as rabbits, mice, and reptiles that are
found in this biome.
Animal Species
White-tailed deer
Coyote
Abiotic Factors
This biome is characterized by the changing of seasons that
causes deciduous trees to loose their leaves in order to
preserve energy during cold winter months. Additionally,
temperate broadleaf forests are characterized by the
substantial amount of precipitation that they receive with is
essential for the variety of deciduous trees and other plant
species that thrive there
Ecological Disturbances
If widespread forest fires were to occur in this biome secondary
succession would occur. All the trees and smaller plants would be
obliterated from the area, however, the soil would still remain intact. In
this soil new plants would slowly begin to replace the plants that had
been wiped out in the fire. The plants that would grow after the forest
would likely be similar to the plants that had originally inhabited the
area. The first plants to grow in such an area would likely be
herbaceous species that grow from windblown or animal-born seeds.
Temperate Broadleaf Sources
Images:
http://www.roebuckclasses.com/105/physical/biomes/deciduous/tbdf.htm
http://www.howstuffworks.com/define-beech-american.htm
http://www.birdwatchersdigest.com/slideshow/gallery.php
http://true-wildlife.blogspot.com/2011/02/coyote.html
Information:
http://www.worldbiomes.com/biomes_forest.htm
ttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Experiments/Biome/biotemperate.php
http://www.svincent.com/CrystalObelisk/Biomes/TemperateForest.html