Transcript PowerPoint - New Mexico Agricultural Education FFA Association

Recognizing the Importance
of Plant and Soil Science
Reminder: student learning activities are at the end of
this power point.
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WHST.6‐8.1- Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and
relevant evidence. (MS‐LS2‐4)
WHST.6‐8.9- Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis,
reflection, and research. (MS‐LS1‐6),(MS‐LS2‐4)
WHST.6‐8.8- Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital
sources; assess the credibility of each source; and quote or paraphrase the
data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and providing
basic bibliographic information for sources. (MS‐LS4‐5)
SL.8.5- Include multimedia components and visual displays in
presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasize salient points.
(MS‐LS3‐1)
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Pathway Content Standard: The student will
demonstrate competence in the application of scientific
principles and techniques to the production and
management of plants.
• PS.01. Performance Element: Apply knowledge of plant classification,
plant anatomy and plant physiology to the production and
management of plants.
• PS.01.01. Performance Indicator: Classify agricultural plants according
to taxonomy systems.
 PS.01.01.01.a. Explain systems used to classify plants.
 Ask
students to name the top five crops in
terms of amount produced in New
Mexico. Create a listing of five columns
on the board. Put the name of one of the
top five crops at top of each column.
Then ask the students to name uses of
each of the various crops. Create a list of
uses in the column below each crop.
 Agronomy
 Foliage
 Cereal
 Forage
Grain
 Fibers
 Forestry
 Field
 Grain
Crops
 Floriculture
 Food Crop
Horticulture
Crops
 Grasses
 Herb
 Horticultural
Crops
 Interiorscaping
 Olericulture
 Landscape
 Ornamental
Horticulture
 Legumes
 Oil Crops
 Ornamental
Crops
Horticulture
 Plant Domestication
 Plants
are the base of food chain for all
living things.
 Plants are able to utilize inorganic
elements and incorporate them into
living tissues.
• Many organisms rely on plants for the energy to
carry out life processes
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Edible plants- whole
plants or portions of
plants, such as seeds and
fruits, are used as a food
source for many types of
animals, including
humans
• Most important is the
cereal grains
 Rice, corn, wheat,
sorghum and barley
• Areas unable to grow cereal grains well grow
starchy root crops
 Yams, sweet potatoes, and manioc or cassava
• 88% of world’s total calorie intake comes from
plants
• 80% of world’s protein intake comes from plants
• Also used in the production of beverages
 Coffee, tea, and fruit juice
 Industrial
use-there
are several important
products produced
from plants, such as
wood, fibers, oils, and
rubber.
 Many fibers are used
in textile
manufacturing
• Cotton, flax, and hemp
plants
 Wood
from timber
production is used for
furniture, homes, and
many other products
• Many chemicals are also
derived from trees
 Acetic acid, methanol, and
turpentine
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Medicinal uses- the importance that plants play in the
development of medicines is becoming increasingly
evident.
Many believe that the key to curing many of our most
deadly diseases such as cancer and AIDS may lie
within some undiscovered plant compound
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Oils-many plants store oil
as a food reserved in the
seeds and fruits of the plant
Most of the plant oils are
used in food production for
humans, but some are used
in industry
Most important is the
soybean, others would
include coconut, sunflower,
peanut, cottonseed, and
rapeseed.
 Soil
science is the study of the structure,
composition, fertility, use, and protection of soil.
• Soil is top layer of the earth’s crust
 Plant
Science is the study of the structure,
functions, growth, and protection of plants.
 Field
crops- include plants grown in large
fields and are used for oil, fiber, grain, and
similar products
• Corn and wheat grown for their grain but other parts
of the plant can be utilized
• Agronomy is a specialized area of plant science that
deals with field crops
 Include relationship between plants and soil
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Horticulture crops
are grown for food,
comfort, and
beauty
Ornamental
Horticulture is the
growing and using
plants for their
beauty. It contains
three areas
1.Floriculture is the
production and use of
plants for their flowers
and foliage
 Foliage is the stems and
leaves of the plant
2.Landscape horticulture is
the growing and using
plants to make the outdoor
environment more
appealing
 Includes shrubs, flowering
plants, and lawn areas
3.Interiorscaping is using
plants inside buildings to
create an attractive indoor
environment
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Food Crop
Horticulture is the
growing plants for
food, which can be
divided into two
areas
1. Olericulture is the
science of producing
vegetable crops
2. Pomology is the
science of producing
fruits and nuts.
 Forestry-
is the science of growing trees and
producing wood products.
 Tree farms are cultured forests that have been
carefully planned, established and maintained.
• Requires a great deal of labor and management to
assure high quality timber
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Very few wild
plants are used in
our everyday lives,
most plants have
been domesticated
• Plant domestication is removing plants from their
native wild environment and growing them
under controlled conditions
 Important field and horticultural crops are divided
into seven categories
1. Grain crops- include plants grown for their
edible seeds not including the horticultural
crops
– Cereal grain is the seed of grass-type plants grown
for food and animal feed
– Rice, corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, and sorghum
2.
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Sugar and oil crops- are produced for two
commodities: sweeteners and vegetable oil
Sugar crops are used as a source of sucrose
• Sucrose is a carbohydrate that provides energy for
physical activity by the body
• Sugar beets, corn and sugar cane are major crops but
also include honey, maple syrup, and some kinds of
sorghum
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Oil crops- are plants grown for the vegetable oil
contained in their seed and fruit.
• Major crops include: soybeans, cotton, canola, and
corn
3. Fiber crops- are grown for the fiber
produced in their fruit, leaves, or stems
• Fibers are tiny threadlike structures used in
manufacturing cloth, paper, and other materials
 Cotton, flax, kenaf, hemp, jute, and ramie
4. Vegetable, fruit, and nut crops- crops are
grown primarily for food
• Vegetable crops may be grown for different parts
of the plant, such as leaves, stems, seed, and roots
5. Forage- crops are
primarily grasses
and legumes
• Grasses are non-
woody plants that
have parallel veins
in their leaves
• Legumes are broadleaf plants that have the
potential of fixing nitrogen from the air in the soil
• Forage is the leaves and stems of plants used for
animal feed
 Most nutritious while plant is young and before seed mature
 Can be harvested by animals grazing in a pasture or cut, dried, and
stored for feel later
6. Ornamental and turf crops- include
flowers, shrubs, vines, and other
species grown for their beauty and
personal appeal
• Turf comprises plants used to present a
pleasing appearance and proetect soil
• Plants are low-growing, fine-leaved grasses
used in lawns and to cover the ground to
prevent soil erosion
7. Others crops- many other crops grown for a
variety of uses
• Beverage crops such as coffee, tea, and cocoa,
are typically grown in tropical areas
• Herbs and spices are grown in small quantities
throughout North America
 Have little food value but make food taste better or more appealing
 An herb is a non-woody plant with leaves, seed or other parts used as
medicine or to enhance food
 Spice is an aromatic plant part that is used to season food
• Medicinal plants are those used in making
human medicines
 What
are the various roles plants play in
everyday life?
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What are the various segments of plant and soil
science?
What are some important types of plants and what are
their uses?
 What
category of plant was
This young man named after?
 Sample
tests are available in the Lesson
Plan tab.
 List
the seven categories of important
field and horticulture crops in North
America. For each category, give an
example of a crop that would be found in
that category.
 Have
students create a pie graph with the
world grain production statistics.
• The crops that they need to include are:
 Maize
 Sorghum
 Wheat
 Barley
 Rice
Name:___________________________
Fill in the pie chart with the grain
production statistics, that you
learned about in the power point.
Fill in the pie chart with the grain
production statistics, that you learned
about in the power point.
 Have
students
create a bar graph
with the world oil
seed crop
production
statistics.
• The crops they need
to include are:
 Soybeans
 Coconut
 Cottonseed
 Rapeseed
 Peanuts
 Sunflower
 Palm
 Olive
 And other
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