Transcript Lepidoptera, Coleoptera

LEDPIDOPTERA
Butterflies, moths, and skippers
LEDPIDOPTERA
Lepis: scales
Ptera: wings
Complete
Larva: chewing
2 pair
• Covered with scales (powdery)
• Butterfly: hold wings vertically
• Moth: flat, roof-like, or curled around body
LEDPIDOPTERA
Bacillus thurengiensis (Bt)
Butterfly is diurnal (day)
• Pupa referred to as chrysalis
Moth is nocturnal (nocturnal)
• Pupa in silken cocoon or leaf litter
BAGWORM
• Larva-in-a-bag
• Bag is silk and foliage/debris
BAGWORM
• Adults do not feed
• Female: wingless, grublike; never
leaves bag
• Lays eggs in bag then dies (1000
eggs/bag)
BAGWORM
• Male: small, brown clear wing moth
• Mates, dies
BAGWORM
HOST
• Mostly conifers (junipers and
arborvitae)
• Some deciduous
BAGWORM
DAMAGE
• Skeletonizer of foliage
BAGWORM
MONITOR
• Visual inspection for bags in June
BAGWORM
CONTROL
• Handpick and
destroy
• Parasitic wasp
provide control,
often after damage
done
• Pheromone used
to disrupt mating
AZALEA CATERPILLAR
AZALEA CATERPILLAR
HOST
• Azaleas
AZALEA CATERPILLAR
DAMAGE
• Defoliate branch
• Feed in large
groups at end of
branches in late
summer
AZALEA CATERPILLAR
MONITOR
• Visually inspect in late July
• Tend to repeat on same hosts
AZALEA CATERPILLAR
CONTROL
• Prune or handpick
WEBWORMS
• Fall webworm: web at end of
branches in July to fall
WEBWORMS
• Tent caterpillar: web in crotches in
spring
WEBWORMS
• Mimosa webworm: upstate on
mimosa and honeylocust
Spiders
WEBWORMS
HOSTS
• Just about anything woody
• Prunus species, pecans especially
WEBWORMS
DAMAGE
• Defoliates branches
• Mainly visual
WEBWORMS
MONITORING
• Visually inspect plants
WEBWORMS
CONTROL
• Pruning or remove nest
• Difficult to penetrate nest for other
control
GYPSY MOTH
• Dark larva with red dots
• Adult: white female with inverted V
• Introduced from Europe in 1887
– Escaped from silkworm research
GYPSY MOTH
HOST
• Most serious pest of NE deciduous
plants
GYPSY MOTH
GYPSY MOTH
DAMAGE
• Complete defoliation by larva
• Feed at night, crawl down to hide in
bark and litter
• Weakens host… susceptible to other
pests
GYPSY MOTH
MONITORING
• Burlap wrap of trunk to count larvae
GYPSY MOTH
MONITORING
• Pheromone traps
• Egg mass counts in
winter
• http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=N-3-hIj-6cs
GYPSY MOTH
CONTROL
• Predator and fungus release
– Success
– The dramatic decline of the
gypsy moth population in New
Jersey is due to the
combination of effective
treatments in spring of 2009
and the impacts of predatory
parasites and natural fungus
that kill gypsy moth
caterpillars, according to
Douglas Fisher, the state’s
agriculture secretary.
LEAFROLLERS
• Indistinct green larva
• Roll leaves or tie leaves together for
protection
LEAFROLLERS
• HOST
• Sweetgums (tiers), canna (rollers)…
Vinca Leaf Roller
COLEOPTERA
beetles and weevils
COLEOPTERA
•
•
•
•
•
Coleos: sheath
Ptera: wing
Complete
Chewing
Wings:
– Front: hardened (elytra), not for flight
– Back: membranous
• Larva are grubs
WHITE GRUBS
• C-shaped larva
• Several different species are a pest
WHITE GRUBS
• Identify species by rastral pattern
WHITE GRUBS
• Identify species by rastral pattern
WHITE GRUBS
WHITE GRUBS
• Weevils are legless white grubs
WHITE GRUBS
HOST
Turf
• Lush, high irrigation and fertilization
Many are harmless, feed on OM
WHITE GRUBS
DAMAGE
• Consume roots in late summer
• Water stress spots in mid-August
WHITE GRUBS
MONITOR
• Direct sample (8 to 12 grubs / sq ft)
• Pull water stressed spots in August
– Mole crickets?
WHITE GRUBS
CONTROL
• Milky spore, Japanese beetle only
JAPANESE BEETLE
• Larva: white grub
• The grub was introduced in 1916 from
Japan on Iris roots
JAPANESE BEETLE
JAPANESE BEETLE
JAPANESE BEETLE
HOST
• Larva: turf roots
• Adult: rose, Prunus, maple, other
woody plants…
JAPANESE BEETLE
DAMAGE
• Larva: feed on turf roots
• Adult: June to September
JAPANESE BEETLE
DAMAGE
• Tissue between veins (young leaves)
• Lacey symptoms
JAPANESE BEETLE
DAMAGE
• Also eat fruit and blossoms
JAPANESE BEETLE
MONITOR
• Pheromone traps
• Branch beating adults
JAPANESE BEETLE
CONTROL
• Larva: Milky spore disease,
nematodes, insecticide
• Established woody can tolerate
WEEVILS
• Snouts beetles
• Many flightless (elytra fused)
• Larva: legless grubs
WEEVILS
HOST
• Whitefringed beetle: Azalea
• Palmetto weevil: Palms
• Other weevils, most other woody
plants…
WEEVILS
Whitefringed beetle
WEEVILS
DAMAGE: Whitefringed beetle
• Adults: notched symptoms on foliage
in July
WEEVILS
CONTROL: Whitefringed beetle
• Plants tolerant in Lowcountry
WEEVILS
Palmetto weevil
WEEVILS
DAMAGE: Palmetto weevil
• Dying or weak palm gives off scent
• Male locates susceptible palm,
releases pheromone
WEEVILS
DAMAGE: Palmetto weevil
• Larva feeds on crown
• “Breaks” the neck
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWlt
kUZgZPc
WEEVILS
CONTROL: Palmetto weevils
• Insecticides no good once infested
• Cut down before adult emerges
• Mass trapping and sanitation
BARK BEETLES
• Size of rice
• Dark, red, brown, or black
• Southern Pine Beetle
BARK BEETLES
• Vectors blue stain fungus
BARK BEETLES
• Larvae tunnel called galleries (packed
with frass)
BARK BEETLES
HOST
• Pine, spruce…
• Plants in weakened state
(predisposed)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_5t
BnvCj3s
BARK BEETLES
DAMAGE
• Larvae tunnel through the phloem
• Pitch around boring holes
• Sawdust below
• Further weaken host
BARK BEETLES
DAMAGE
• European Elm Bark Beetle
– 1904 in Boston
• Attacks American Elms and introduces
spores of the Dutch Elm Disease (DED)
BARK BEETLES
BARK BEETLES
BARK BEETLES
BARK BEETLES
MONITORING
• Declining branches
– Break open
• Pheromone traps
Pheromone Repellent
• http://www.forestrydistributing.com/en/
verbenone-pine-beetle-repellentpouch-retail
BARK BEETLES
CONTROL
• Avoid unseasoned firewood storage
near hosts
– Cover with plastic for several months
• Destroy infected branches
• Systemic insecticides do NOT work
once there are symptoms
• Some resistant varieties, such as
Valley Forge American elm
BORERS
Flathead borers
• Legless grub
BORERS
Flathead borers
• Metallic adults (copper, blue, green)
• Steamlined, bullet shaped
• Grooved wings
BORERS
Flathead borers
BORERS
Roundhead borers
BORERS
Roundhead borers
• Long antennae (long horn beetles)
BORERS
HOST
• Predisposed
trees
• Mostly
deciduous
• Rarely attack
healthy host
BORERS
DAMAGE
• Larvae bore throughout tree
• Finish off dying host
Squash Borer
Squash Borer
Squash Borer
Squash Borer
BORERS
MONITOR
• Limb dieback
•
Boring holes wet or oozing
BORERS (179)
MONITOR
• Limb dieback
•
Boring holes wet or oozing
BORERS
CONTROL
• Avoid unseasoned firewood storage
near hosts
• Destroy infected branches
• Systemic insecticides do NOT work
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SS
t1kNMahE
TWIG BEETLES
Twig borer
• Lay eggs in twig and introduce
Ambrosia fungus
• Larva feed on fungus
• Pupate in twig before winter
TWIG BEETLES
Twig borer
HOST
• Southern Magnolia, redbud,
dogwood…
TWIG BEETLES
Twig borer
DAMAGE
• Small branches wilting and dying
• Hole located at base
• Does not harm the health on host
Red Bay Ambrosia Beetle
• Decimating red bay
trees
• Red bay wilt
(closely related to
DED)
• http://okeechobee.if
as.ufl.edu/News%2
0columns/Red.Bay.
htm
Red Bay Ambrosia Beetle
• Discoloration of outer sapwood
Red Bay Ambrosia Beetle
• May push out “stick” as it feeds