Transcript used

Lection 2
Theme: Vegetable group
plants community,
consisting of medicinal plants
Authors
as.- prof. Kernychna I.Z.
Plan
1. Medicinal plants of steppe and
meadows
2. Medicinal plants of forest
3. Weeds as medicinal plants
4. Medicinal plants on the banks of
river
Steppe
• In physical geography, a
steppe (from Russian
степь, "steppe," further
derivation unknown) is an
ecoregion, in the montane
grasslands and shrublands
and temperate grasslands,
savannas, and shrublands
biomes, characterized by
grassland plains without
trees apart from those
near rivers and lakes. Soil
type is typically
chernozem
• Steppes are usually characterized by a semi-arid
and continental climate. Extremes Besides this
huge difference between summer and winter, the
differences between day and night are also very
great.
• The mid-latitude steppes can be summarised by
hot summers and cold winters, averaging 250–
500 mm (10-20 inches) of precipitation per year.
Precipitation level alone is not what defines a
steppe climate, potential evapotranspiration
must also be taken into account.
Two types of steppe can be recorded:
• Temperate steppe: the "true" steppe, found
in continental areas of the world;
• Subtropical steppe: a similar association of
plants that can be found in the driest areas
with a Mediterranean-like climate; it has
usually a short wet period
Cold steppe
• The world's largest steppe region, often
referred to as "the Great Steppe", is
found in southwestern Russia and
neighbouring countries in Central Asia.
Another large steppe area (prairie) is
located in the central United States
(North America) and western Canada
• A meadow is a field
vegetated primarily by grass
and other non-woody
plants (grassland). The
term is from Old English
mædwe. In agriculture a
meadow is grassland which
is not grazed by domestic
livestock but rather allowed
to grow unchecked in order
to make hay. It may be
naturally occurring or
artificially created from
cleared woodland
Agricultural meadow
• Especially in the United Kingdom and
Ireland, the term meadow is
commonly used in its original sense to
mean a haymeadow, signifying
grassland mown annually in the
summer for making hay. "Grassland"
is used to include both meadow and
grass pasture.
Transitional meadows
• A transitional meadow occurs when a field, pasture,
farmland, or other cleared land is no longer grazed
by livestock and starts to display luxuriant growth
extending to the flowering and seeding of its grass
and wild flower species. The condition is however
only temporary because the grasses eventually
become shaded out when scrub and woody plants
become well-established, being the forerunners of
the return to a fully wooded state.
A perpetual meadow is one in which environmental
factors restrict the growth of woody plants
indefinitely. Examples include:
• Alpine meadows occur at high elevations above
the tree line and are maintained by harsh climatic
conditions
• Coastal meadows are maintained by salt sprays
• Desert meadows are restricted by low
precipitation
• Wet meadows are semi-wetland areas saturated
with water throughout much of the year.
Medicinal plants of
steppe and meadows
Yarrow – Achillea millefolium
It is a herbaceous perennial plants (2560 sm heights ). The stem is angular
and rough, the leaves alternate, the
segments very finely cut, giving the
leaves a feathery appearance.
The flowers heads forms compound
corymb. These heads consist of
yellow disc and 5 white ray flowers.
• Uses: The herb and flowers.
Medicinal action – haemostatic,
diaphoretic, astringent, mild tonic to
stimulate the appetite.
Yellow sweet
clover (Melilotus
officinalis)
Yellow sweet clover
(Melilotus officinalis) – is
biennial glassy plant with
tree compound leaves.
Flowers are yellow, shallow,
collected in a raceme. The
above-ground organs (grass) of
melilot apply as a coughing up,
sedative mean.
Active ingredients:
coumarin, protein, organic
acid.
USES: herb – expectorants,
anticoagulans, sedativum,
analgeticum means.
Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara).
It is a perennial herbaceous. The plant is
typically between 10 - 30 cm in height. Leaves:
the basal leaves appear after the flowers and are
roughly heart shaped. Flowers: are yellow.
Blooms first appear in early spring and continue
into mid spring.
•Uses: It is made into herbal teas (unopened flowers and leaves) and is
found in COUGH
PREPARATIONS.
•Medical action: mucliginosus,
spasmoliticum, expectorans and
antifhlogisticum.
Tormentil cinquefoil - (Potentílla
erécta)
• The grassy perennial with
woody rhizome. Most of
its flowers have 4
petals. Other Potentilla
species have 5. Other
features: A low-growing
plant. Most leaves have
three leaflets plus two
large stipules at base
looking like leaflets.
• Uses: Rhizomes as
astringent, haemostatic
means.
Dwarf Everlast - Helichrysum
arenarium
Grassy perennial plants with a
short dark-brown woody rhizome.
Stem is straight. Leaves next
lancet-linear, felt-covered. Lower
leaves are oblong. Flowers are
shallow, tubular, orange or yellow
in the numerous spherical small
baskets collected in compound
corymb.
Uses: An infusion of the
bright yellow flowers is used in
the treatment of gall bladder
disorders and as a diuretic in
treating rheumatism and cystitis.
Garden
burnet
(Sanguisórba officinális)
• It is a herbaceous
perennial plant growing to
1 m tall with compound
pinnate leaves. The fruit is
nut.
• Uses: Rhizomes and
roots as astringents,
haemostatic haemostatic
means.
Tansy - Tanacetum vulgare
It is a perennial herbaceous with
compound leaves and yellow,
buttonlike flowers. It has a stout,
somewhat reddish, erect stem,
usually smooth, 50-150 cm tall, and
branching near the top. The leaves
are alternate, 10-15 cm long and are
pinnately lobed. Yellow flower
heads forms compound corymb.
USES: flowers as anthelmintic
(vermifugu) means.
Common Chamomile – Chamomilla recutita
Chamomilla is an erect annual, up to
60cm in height, with wispy 2-3 pinnate
leaves. Yellow tubular flowerheads and
hollow receptacle. This is surrounded
by a single row of white ligulate florets.
Uses: flowers head as antiinflammatory, spasmolytic,
antimicrobial, mild sedative,
carminative (вітрогінний), antiseptic,
anticatarrhal.
Absinthium or Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)
It is a herbaceous perennial plant,
with a hard, woody rhizome. The stems
are straight, grooved, branched, and
silvery-green. The leaves are spirally
arranged, greenish-grey above and white
below, covered with silky silvery-white
hairs. Leaves can be both simple and
sessile (without a petiole). Its flowers are
pale yellow, tubular, and clustered in
spherical bent-down heads (capitula).
Uses:herb as stomachic (stimulate
appetite ), antiseptic, antispasmodic,
carminative, cholagogum, anthelmintic and
aromo aromaticum means.
Weeds as medicinal plants
• Weed is a plant normally applied to
unwanted plants in human-controlled
settings, especially farm fields and gardens,
but also lawns, parks, woods, and other
areas. More specifically, the term is often
used to describe any plants that grow and
reproduce aggressively. Generally, a weed
is a plant in an undesired place.
Dandelion -Taraxacum officinale
Taraxacum officinale is perennial
plant with taproots system and
short stem. The leaves are
oblanceolate, oblong, or
obovate. The florets are yellow
or orange-yellow in color.
Seeds has own parachute
that blow away on the
wind.
Plants have milky sap.
Uses: roots, leaves as
choragogum, diureticum,
vitamin means.
Mary Thistle - Silybum marianum
Silybum marianum is a milk
thistle. This fairly typical thistle has
red to purple flowers and shiny
pale green leaves with white veins.
The medicinal parts of the plant are
the ripe seeds.
•Uses:in cases of liver diseases
(cirrhosis, jaundice and hepatitis),
gallbladder disease, and is claimed
to protect the liver against poisons.
BACHELOR'S BUTTON
(Cornflower)–
Centaurea cyanus
Flores Centaurea cyani
It is an annual plant with grey-green
branched stems. The leaves are lanceolate.
The flowers are most commonly an intense
blue colour with spreading ray florets
surrounding a central cluster of disc florets.
Uses: flowers as diuretic and cholagogum
means.
Greater burdock – Arcticum lappa
It has large, alternating,
cordiform leaves that have a
long petiole and are
pubescent on the underside.
The flowers are purple and
grouped in globular capitula,
united in clusters.
Uses: root as diureticum,
cholagogum, diaphoreticum
means.
Capsella Bursa
PastorisShepherd’s
purse
Brassicaceae
(Crucifereae)
Uses. Herba for
stop bleeding.
vitamins K1, C,
cumarines,
flavonoids,
aminoacids,
tannins, micro- and
microelements
Urtica dioica- nettle
or common nettle
Family - Urticaceae
• Uses:. Extracts can be
used to treat arthritis,
anemia,
hay
fever,
kidney problems and
pain. Fresh nettle is
used in all folk remedies
to stop different types of
bleeding, due to its high
vitamin K content.
гірчиці
гірчак
хвощ
Medicinal plants of forest
• One of the basic types of vegetation
groupings, consisting of trees and shrubs
and covering an extensive area.
• The degree of forestation and the variety of
forest species in Ukraine are determined by
Ukraine's geographical position between the
humid region of Western Europe and the dry
steppes of Asia
• The forests in the western part of Ukraine have
a Western European character; in the southern
part small woods rather than forests are found.
As Ukraine's climate, relief, soils, and water
regime change from the west and north towards
the east and south, large differences arise in the
extent of forestation and the composition of the
forests. The eastern and part of the southern
limits of dispersal for such important tree
species as the fir, spruce, beech, hornbeam, and
ash dissect Ukraine.
Redhaw Hawthorn Crataegus sanguinea
They are shrubs and small
trees growing to 5-15 m tall,
characterized by their small
pome fruit and thorny
branches.
Uses: leaves, flowers and
fruit show cardioactive,
desensitizing activity,
spasmolytic and sedative
effect.
Strawberries are forest –
́ vésca
Fragária
is a herbaceous perennial plants
that have compound leaves with
three hairy. The flowers are
white, bisexual, on long thin
peduncles, have for 5 white
petals. Fruit is pseudocarp
(strawberry). Uses: The leaves
and the fruit - diuretic, tonic,
cholagogum means.
Mountain – Arnica montana
Arnica is perennial herbaceous plants.
They have a deep-rooted, erect
stem, that is usually unbranched. Their
downy, opposite leaves are borne towards the
apex of the stem. The ovoid, leathery, basal
leaves are arranged in a rosette. They show
large yellow or orange flowers, with 10-15
long ray 9 florets and numerous disc florets.
The flowers have a slight aromatic smell.
•Uses: flowers as antispasmodic, haemostatic,
cholagogum sedative means.
Reduce pain and swelling when
made into salves (liniments).
RASPBERRY – (Rubus idaeus
L) It has a perrennial plant
which bears biennial stems
("canes") from the perennial
root system. Plant has large
pinnate leavers with five or
seven leaflets. Inflorescence
is the сorymb-recame. The fruit
is red, or yellow edible, sweet,
aggregation of drupes
Uses: The fruit – vitamin,
diaphoretic means in influenza,
high temperature
Rowans or mountain ashes (Sórbus
aucupária )
There is small trees or
shrubs with compound
pinnate leaves and
compound corymbs
inflorescens. The fruit
is a small red pome.
Uses: fruit as vitamin,
diuretic and tonic
means.
European bird cherry –
Pádus ávium
Prunus is a trees and shrurs.
Leaves are simple and
usually lanceolate. The
flowers are usually white
to pink, with five petals
and five sepals.
Inflorescences - racemes.
The fruit is a drupe.
Uses: fruit as astringent means.
Dryopteris Filix-mas
male Driopterys
• Long herbaceous
plant (50 - 100 cm
tall) with a horizontal,
thick, short rhizome.
• Uses:
Medicinal, poisonous and
ornamentals. The scientific
and folk medicine used as
anthelmintic means
Common birch - Betula verrucosa
• In scientific,medicini apply an
extract and decoctions of birch buds
as diuretic and bile-expelling
facilities. Use also as washes at
furuncles, sadnakh, wounds.
Decoction of birch buds, accepted
inward, irritating operates, that is
why it does not follow to appoint
him at illnesses of buds. Widely use
tinctures and decoctions of sheets of
birch as diuretic, bile-expelling,
sedativniy and protizapal'niy
facilities. Preparations of sheets
apply at kidney kol'ci, icteruses, as a
stimulant.
Medicinal plants on the
banks of river
Trifid Bur-marigold - Bidens
tripartita
•. Leaves: Opposite. Blade deep green,
divided into three sometimes more
lanceolate lobes or leaflets. Blademargins large-toothed, hairy. Flower:
yellow tubular disc-florets grouped
together into flower-like heads
(capitula). Corolla of 5 fused petals.
Calyx modified into a pair of bristles.
Fruit: a brown, flattened cypsela
crowned by two, sometimes three
barbed bristles.
•Uses: herb as diuretic, antiphlogistic
means.
Spiny restharrow (Ononis arvensis)
• Spiny restharrow
(Ononis arvensis) is a
perennial glassy plant or
low shrub with a thick
rhizome and root. Leaves
are tree compound.
Flowers are rose, located
single in bosoms leaves.
• Active ingredients:
flavonoid-glycosides,
essential oils and tannins.
• USES: root are diuretic,
cholagogum, desinticiues
means.
Marsh Cudweed - Gnaphalium
uliginosum
Gnaphalium uliginosum is a
low-growing annual. Leaves
felted with white hairs.
Uses: anti-inflammatory;
astringent; diaphoretic; diuretic
means. Herb used both
internally and externally in the
treatment of laryngitis, upper
respiratory catarrh and
tonsillitis.
The Crassulaceae family
Snowdon rose (Rhodiola
rosea) is the grassy perennial
plant brought to the “Red
book of Ukraine”.
Active ingredients:
flavonoids, tannins, essential
oils.
Uses: The underground
organs of plant called a “gold
root” and used as tonicum mean.