Transcript Plantae: Anthophyta

Plantae:
Anthophyta/Angiospems
Farah and Emily
flowering plants
How taxonomists classify plants
• The plant kingdom is divided into two taxa, broyophytes (including
mosses and liverworts) and vascular plants (plants with a vascular
system).
• Vascular plants are divided into two subgroups: seedless and seeded. The
seeded plants divides into two taxa, Gymnospermae
(Gymnosperms) and Angiospermae (Angiosperms).
• These taxa divide into Phylum.
Examples of phyla include Ginkgophyta (ginkgo), Pinophyta (conifers),
and Magnoliophyta (flowering plants).
• Gymnosperms do not produce flowers, but produce seeds on the end of
modified bracts (ex: a pine cone). Many have scale or needle-like
leaves. Arborvitae, junipers, Douglas-fir, fir, pine, and spruce are
examples of gymnosperms.
• Agiosperms (broadleaf flowering plants) produce
seeds through flowering. Angiosperms are divided
into two taxa: monocotyledon (monocot)
and dicotyledon (dicot). Distinguishing between
these is a common in landscape management.
For example:
1. Some herbicides work at the monocot/dicot level.
2. Lawn weed sprays kill dicots (ex: dandelions) but
not monocots (ex: grass).
3. Other herbicides will kill monocots but not dicots
Taxa
Stargazer Lily
(Ms. Macaskals
faveeeeeeeeee)
Roses
Lupins
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Tracheophyta
Tracheophyta
Tracheophyta
Class
Monocots
Magnoliopsida
Angiospermae
Order
Liliales
Rosales
Legumales
Family
Lilliaceae
Rosaceae
Papilionaceae
Genus
Lilium
Rosa
Lupinus
Species
orientalis
gallica
arboreus
Life cycle of a Rose
Seed and Fruit:
• Begins as a zygote (result of fertilization)
• Protected by a seed coat and contains and embryonic plant and a supply of food.
• Once a rose seed develops after fertilization, it is encased in a dark red fruit to attract
animal dispersers.
• The embryo develops a root , shoot and two cotyledons, which help digest, absorb
and transfer food from the endosperm to embryo.
Flower:
• Mother cells developed within the flower divide via meiosis to produce two types of
haploid, asexual spores: microspores in the anthers and megaspores within the ovary.
Gametophyte Generation:
• Multicellular haploid stage in the life cycle of a rose.
• Once the sporophyte undergoes meiosis and produces haploid spores, the spores
undergo mitosis and differentiation
• The male gametophyte is a watertight pollen grain that needs to drift on the wind or
be carried by an animal to another roses embryo sac
Pollination and Fertilization:
• Once the pollen grain reaches the sticky
stigma of the carpel fertilization begins.
• If fertilization is successful the result will be
diploid zygote, an endosperm food reserve and
a seed court.
• This diploid sporophyte generation will lie for
months or years waiting for favorable
conditions to germinate (they require warmth
and moisture for growth)
Food Getting
• The green chlorophyll pigments manufactures carbohydrates
(photosynthesis). This food is either stored in the roots, used to grow new
plant tissue, or fuel production of flowers and seeds.
• Roses only make food when their leaves are present. In late fall and
winter, the plant is dormant, although food reserves in the roots allow
some root growth when the soil isn't cold. These reserves fuel the initial
growth of new leaves in spring.
• Fertilizer is often marketed as plant food., Fertilizer is not food to plants
but are nutrients absorbed by the roots for plant growth. The plant uses
these nutrients to make its own food.
Circulation (of water)
• Water is absorbed from the soil by the roots and
flows up through the xylem (Xylem is one of the two
types of transport tissue in vascular plants) to escape
out of the stomata (pores) in the leaves.
• The driving force behind it all is amount of water
(the ability of water to move from a lot of water to
not a lot of water.
• Water in a plant goes up and out because all the
water is mostly down in the soil, and so it escapes up
through the travel vessel, the water goes out of the
leaves to transpire in the air, where there is much
less water
Gas Exchange
• Unlike animals, plants have no organs specifically
for its own gas exchange.
• It is only during photosynthesis that plants produce
large amounts of gas. In a rose for instance, each
petal takes care of its own exchange of gas.
• Most living cells in a plant have at least one of their
surfaces exposed to the air in the environment,
making it easier for plants to exchange gases
through their leaves.
• The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the
leaf occurs through a pore in the leaf called the
stomata.
Digestion
• Roses and all other plants digest and make
their food from the rays of the sun, which
drive photosynthesis
Excretion of Wastes
• Plants excrete by giving us oxygen.
The main waste that a plant needs to dispose
of are O2, and water. The O2, waste product of
photosynthesis, is gotten rid of by diffusion
from the leaves; and the water droplets found
on the edges of leaves are the physical
property of the waste.
Interesting Facts
• Moon flowers bloom only at night closing
during the day
• Gas plants produce a clear gas on humid warn
nights. It is believed thay gas can be ignited
with a matchstick.
• Bamboos produce flowers once every few
years. And when they do, all flowers of the
same species bloom at exactly the same time.
Changes in Classification
• Earlier classification systems put lupins in the
family rosales
Bibliography
• http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/anthophyta/
anthophyta.html
• http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Ph
ylum-AnthophytaThe-FloweringPlants.topicArticleId-23791,articleId23775.html