Transcript Plants: Roots, Stems, Leaves

Plants: Roots, Stems, Leaves
Students will be able to describe the
aspects of roots, stems, and leaves
and their impact on our daily lives.
Plants
• Plants and Animals interact on a daily
basis.
• Plants are used by animals for food.
• Plants are used to make the oxygen
necessary for animals to breathe.
• Plants are different from animals, however
their cells do contain a nucleus.
Plants: The Root
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The root is a very important part of the
plant and it has the following functions:
To help grip the plant to the soil.
To absorb water and minerals from the
soil.
To store food.
To propagate or make new plants.
Plants: The Roots
• The typical root has four parts:
1) Primary root- Grows downward and is
the thickest.
2) Secondary root- Connected to the
primary root, they are smaller and grow
to the side.
3) Root cap- Protects the root and allows it
to “drill” through the soil.
Plants: The Roots
4) Root hairs- absorb water and nutrients
from the soil.
• Some of the food we eat are plant roots– Potatoes
– Carrots
– Onions
– Beets
Plants: The Stem
• The stem has two primary functions:
1) Maintain the flowers and leaves at a
certain distance from the soil.
2) Carry the nutrients and water.
Plants: The Stem
• The stem has several different parts:
1) Main stem- The most important stem, it is
the stem that is most easily identified
(trunk of a tree).
2) Secondary stem- Smalls stems that grow
from the main stem (tree branches).
3) Nodes- Bulges in the stems were leaves
grow.
Plants: The Stem
• Internodes- Spaces between the nodes.
• We do eat plant stems:
– Celery
– Asparagus
– Sugar Cane
Plants: The Buds
•
Buds are responsible for plant growth.
Buds can either be new stems, leaves, or
flowers.
• Buds are three parts:
1) Main terminal bud- The bud in charge of
the upward growth of the plant.
2) Secondary terminal buds- Come from
secondary stems, they make the
secondary stems grow.
Plants: The Buds
3) Lateral buds- Are on the stem nodes,
leaves and flowers grown from them.
• We do eat buds from plants– Artichokes
– Cabbage
Plants: The Leaves
• The leaves are probably the most
important aspect of the plant, because
they are in charge of photosynthesis.
• There are many different sizes and shapes
of leaves but leaves tend to have the
same parts.
Plants: The Leaves
1) The Blade- The expanded part of the leaf.
When people think of a leaf or draw a leaf
it is usually the blade.
– Veins- Wrinkles or pipes in the leaves, the
central vein is called the midrib.
2) The Petiole- Connects the stem to the
blade. Not every leaf has a petiole and
are called stalkless.
Plants: The Seeds
•
Seeds are necessary for some plants to
reproduce.
• Each seed has several parts:
1) Embryo- the little plant
2) Endosperm- food supply in the seed
3) Seed Coat- outer layer of the seed
Gymnosperms
• Gymnosperms (“naked seed”)- cone
bearing plants are gymnosperms.
• Pinophyta - Conifers
• Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo
• Cycadophyta - Cycads
• Gnetophyta - Gnetum, Ephedra,
Welwitschia
Angiosperms
• Plants that produce flowers or fruits are
called angiosperms (“flowering plants”).
• Most species on the planet are
angiosperms.
Plants: The Seeds
• We do eat the seeds or fruits of plants– Apples
– Oranges
– Beans
– Grains
– Nuts
– Spices