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Chapter 28 Arthropods
Centipedes and
Millipedes
14. Subphylum Uniramia –Centipedes,
millipedes and insects.
A. Class Chilopoda
1. Centipedes
a). One pair of leg per segment
b). Flattened body
c). Pair of poisonous claw-like
appendages that inject venom
into it’s prey
d). Nocturnal
e). Carnivore
B. Class Diplopoda
1. Millipede
a) Two pairs of legs per
segment.
b) Rounded body
c) Eat during the day light
d) Release chemical toxin
when curled up.
e) Herbivore
Chapter 28
Insects 28-3
I. Insects
 A. What is an insects?
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1. Body divided into 3 parts.
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Head, thorax and an abdomen.
A pair of antennae
A pair of compound eyes – multiple lens
Two pairs of wings
Spiracles – holes in the abdomen attached to
trachea tubes.
Tracheal tubes – tube in the abdomen that transport
oxygen throughout body.
3 pairs of legs attached to the thorax.
II. Responding to stimuli
 A. Sense organs
 1. Compound eyes are made of many
lenses, multiple images.
 2. Chemical receptors for taste and smell on
mouth and antennae.
 3. Sensory hairs detect slight movement in
the air and water.
 4. Some have well develop ears to hear
sounds far above humans.
III. Adaptation for feeding
 A. 3 pairs of appendages used for mouth
parts.
 1. Mandibles for grinding food. (ant)
 2. Tube-like mouthpart used to suck nectar.
(moth)
 3. Sponge-like mouthpart used to lap up
food. (fly)
 4. Piercing-like for sucking blood or other
material. (mosquito)
IV. Metamorphosis
 A. Growth and development of insects where
the body changes shape and form.
 1. Complete Metamorphosis
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a. Egg
b. Caterpillar- larvae
c. Cocoon – becomes a moth.
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Pupa – covered with chrysalis, becomes a
butterfly.
d. Adult
 B. Incomplete metamorphosis
1.
Egg
2. Nymph – looks like smaller
version of an adult without wings
and reproductive organs.
3. Adult – after molting many
types developing wings and
reproductive organs.
V. Insect Communication
 A. Insects communicate for various
reasons, mostly, it involves finding a
mate.
Visual clues – Fireflies and
their abdominal signaling.
2. Chemical signals –
Pheromone chemical effect the
behavior or development of other
individuals.
1.
VI. Insect Societies
 A. Society – is a group of related animals
of the same species that work together for
the benefit of the whole group. Some may
consists of more than 7 million individuals.
Castes – individuals that are
specialized to perform particular
tasks, or roles. And each castes has
a body form specialized for the
specific role.
Example – Queen bee, drones
and worker bees.
 1.
 B. Communication in Societies – Each
society have their special was of
communicating by visual, touch, sound
and chemical signals.
 Example – Ants will leaves a trail of
pheromone on the trail to lead other ants
to food they have found.
 Bees dance and leave pheromones that
specifically leaves the type, quantities,
direction and distance to the flowers.