Transcript Plants!!!
Warm-Up 4/11!!! __________ are the holes on the underside of a leaf that lets in ________ for photosynthesis. A. B. C. D. Stomata; oxygen Cuticles; oxygen Cuticles; carbon dioxide Stomata; carbon dioxide Warm-Up 4/11!!! __________ are the holes on the underside of a leaf that lets in ________ for photosynthesis. A. B. C. D. Stomata; oxygen Cuticles; oxygen Cuticles; carbon dioxide Stomata; carbon dioxide Plants!!! “Stationary Animals that Eat Sunlight!!” What is a plant? Plants are many-celled Eukaryotes that have cell walls made of cellulose and carry out photosynthesis using green pigments called chlorophyll. Overview of the Plant Kingdom Four Main groups of Plants: 1. 2. 3. 4. Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms - cone bearers Angiosperms - flowering plants Overview of the Plant Kingdom!!! Overview of the Plant Kingdom Four Main groups of Plants: Mosses!! - Have spores, not seeds - Have no roots Ferns!! - Also have spores not seeds - Have roots Gymnosperms! - Are cone bearing plants like Pine trees - Their seeds are naked! Angiosperms! - Are flowering plants!! - Their seeds are surrounded by a fruit. - They make up 90% of all plants alive today Plant Classification Plants Non-flowering Sporebearing No roots Mosses with roots Ferns Naked seeds Gymnosperms Flowering 1 seedleaf Monocots 2 seedleaves Dicots Angiosperms! Angiosperms are divided into 2 distinct groups named for their number of seed leaves: 1. Monocots – one seed leaf 2. Dicots – two seed leaves Monocots vs. Dicots Angiosperms! Stems can be: Herbaceous – green and soft stemmed. Ex: dandelions Woody – tough and strong stemmed. Ex: trees and roses Angiosperms! Lifespan can be: Annuals – live ONLY one year Biennials – live ONLY two years Perennials – live many years Plant Parts!!! Plants have three main organs: 1. Roots 2. Stems 3. Leaves Plant Parts!!! Plant Organ Functions Roots 1. Absorbs water/nutrients from soil. 2. Anchors plant to the ground. Stems 1. Supports the plant body. 2. Transports water and nutrients. Leaves 1. Capture sunlight for photosynthesis 2. Gas exchange (stomata) Plant Vascular (transport) Systems! A plant’s vascular system (think veins) carries water and sugary sap all the way through the plant from roots to stem to leaves. Warm-Up 4/12!!! Plants with NO seeds & NO roots are ______________. Cone-bearing plants belong to group ________________. A. Mosses; Angiosperms B. Ferns; Angiosperms C. Mosses; Gymnosperms D. Ferns; Gymnosperms Warm-Up 4/12!!! Plants with NO seeds & NO roots are ______________. Cone-bearing plants belong to group ________________. A. Mosses; Angiosperms B. Ferns; Angiosperms C. Mosses; Gymnosperms D. Ferns; Gymnosperms Plant Vascular (transport) Systems! Two types: 1. Xylem – carries water from roots to rest of the plant 2. Phloem – carries sugars (called sap) from the leaves to the rest of the plant Plant Roots! Two Main Types: 1. Fibrous Roots – fine, branching roots (Ex.: grasses) 2. Tap Roots – one large root (Ex: carrots!) Tap vs. Fibrous Roots Plant Stems! I want you to be aware of: Rhizomes - a specialized underground stem. Rhizomes Plant Leaves! Stomata (opening on underside of leaves for gas exchange) are found here. Stomata are opened and closed by guard cells that surround the stoma. Closing stomata prevents water loss and keeps the plant from drying out. Stomata/Guard Cells 1. Golgi Apparatus – Post office 2. Cell Wall - Protects and supports 3. Cell Membrane – controls what enters/leaves 4. Chloroplast – photosynthesis occurs here 5. Vacuole – cell storage 6. Rough ER - Highway system with ribosomes 7. Mitochondria – makes ATP / powerhouse 8. Ribosomes – protein factory 9. Smooth ER - Highway system without ribosomes 10. Nucleus – DNA here / brain of cell Plants are Autotrophs which means they make their own food. The organelle in plants that is responsible for carrying out photosynthesis is the chloroplast. This organelle is filled with a green pigment that captures sunlight called chlorophyll. The process by which plants capture sunlight to make their own food is called photosynthesis. The main thing that plants are trying to produce through this process is molecules of sugar called glucose. Sugars belong to a category of biomolecules known as carbohydrates. Animals like us use these compounds for quick energy. Plants have some requirements for photosynthesis. First they need solar energy from the sun. Next they need water from their roots. Lastly they need to breathe in the gas carbon dioxide from the air. Plants exchange gases or breathe through small holes on the underside of their leaves called stomata. With these three main ingredients plants can make their own food in the form of glucose or sugar. They breathe off the gas oxygen as a by-product or left over. This is nice because we animals need that gas to undergo the process of cellular respiration. Respiration in our bodies produces energy in the form of ATP and gives off the gas carbon dioxide as a by product.