Transcript Zea Mays Anatomy

Anatomy of
Zea Mays
By Amy Peterson
IB 423
Fast Corn Facts
• Native of Southern Mexico
• Grows over 2.5 m (8 feet)
• C4 plant with a Kranz
anatomical structure
• Monocot
• Grass
• An ear of corn averages 800
kernels in 16 rows
• Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska and
Minnesota account for over 50
percent of the corn grown in
the U.S
The Many Faces of Corn
• As author Margaret
Visser put it in her
book, "Much Depends
on Dinner," "You cannot
buy anything at all in a
North American
supermarket which has
been untouched by
corn…"
•Insecticides
•Latex paint
•Shaving cream &
lotions
•Toothpaste
•Check out
http://www.ontariocorn.
org/classroom/products.
html for a zillion uses
for corn!
Starting with the Root. . .
•Fibrous root system
Methylene Blue X4
Coleoptile
Coleoptile- Sheath coming
from the embryo interpreted as
the first leaf of the epicotyl
Zone of Elongation
•Closed Root Apical Meristem
•Distinct Root Cap Meristem
called Calyptrogen
Region of
Initials
Protoderm
Water X4
Root Cap
Simmons ©
Calyptrogen
POLYARCH
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
ARRANGEMENT
Water X4
ATRICHOBLAST
PERICYLE
PHLOEM
XYLEM
ENDODERMIS
CORTEX
ROOTHAIR
Water x10
TRICHOBLAST
Branch Roots
Pith
Cortex
Methylene Blue X4
Parenchyma pith
Water X4
Branch Root
Methylene Blue X4
MOVING UP TO THE STEM…
Scattered Vascular
Bundles
Water X4
Water X10
Xylem
Curled Leaf
attached to
main stem
Water X10
Methylene Blue X40
VASCULAR TISSUE
Tylose
Xylem
Metaxylem
Sieve Plate
Ray
Phloem
Methylene Blue X20
Methylene Blue X20
Parenchyma
Sieve Tube
Member
The xylem and phloem do not just
go straight up and down but
actually meet at nodes up the stem.
Here are some pictures of
intersections, where vascular
bundles are both seen
longitudinally and in cross section
Methylene Blue X4 Longitudinal Section!
Methylene Blue X20 Cross Section
Methylene Blue X10 Cross Section
Emerging Leaf and Shoot Apical
Meristem
Corpus
Tunica
Emerging Leaf
Water X4
Stem
Leaf Primordia
Webb ©
Shoot Apical
Meristem
AND SHIFTING OVER TO THE
LEAVES...
Parallel Venation
Xylem
Methylene Blue X10
Bundle Sheath
Commisural Veins
Collenchyma
Metaxylem
Phloem
Methylene Blue X10
Leafs are layered around the stem
Water X20
Sclerenchyma
Lacuna
Methylene Blue X10
Bulliform Cells
Protoxylem
Leaf Trace
Methylene Blue X20
Methylene Blue X10
•A distichous arrangement
Leaf Trace
Methylene Blue X10
Stomata
Stomates
Water X10
•IV-2 Lapaseria Rosea arrangement
•Amphistomatic
•Bifacial
Peel X20
REPRODUCTION
•Lower part of embryo axis is a radicle
•Coleoriza is a sheath that encloses
radicle
Endosperm
•Plumule is the embryotic shoot
Cotyledon
Cotyledon
(Scutellum)
Plumule
Shoot Apex
Root
(Radicle)
Same thing in XS
Coleoriza
STARCH
•Starch concentrated in
seeds, like these in corn
kernels
•Stained with IKI
IKI X20
•Arise from plastids
•Typical starch grain shape/appearance
IKI X10
Tassels
•Male Reproductive Structure
•Each tassel consists of a floret
with three stamens
Water X10
•Monoecious
•Self and cross-pollinating
Water X10
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Crang, Richard and Andrew Vassilyev. Plant Anatomy. McGraw-Hill.
Dickison, William. Integrative Plant Anatomy. Boston: Academic Press, 2000.
Esau, Katherine. Anatomy of Seed Plants. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1977.
Esau, Katherine. Plant Anatomy. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1967.
Hochholdinger, Frank. 03/25/2004. Genetic analysis of Root Formation in Zea Mays.
University of Tübingen. 04/25/2005
<http://www.unituebingen.de/ZMBP/research/gghochholdinger.html>.
Sengbusch, Peter V. Root Tip of Zea Mays. University of Hamburg. 04/25/2005
<www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e40/wurzel.htm>.
Simmons, Kent. Internal Anatomy of Roots. University of Winnepeg. 04/27/2005
<www. http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/2153/lb3pg4.htm>.
Webb, David T. Vegetative Features. University of Hawaii at Manoa. 04/25/2005
<http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/>.