Transcript Plant TissuesMonocots, dicots, ch 23 plant cells and tissues

Plant Cells and Tissues
Ch 23
Plant Tissue: Label and list function (s)
:Epidermis, stoma, cuticle,mesophyll,
vascular bundle, xylem, phloem, guard
cells
Plant Tissues
1. Dermal Tissue
(epidermis)
2. Ground Tissue
3. Vascular Tissue
1. Epidermis
 Flattened cells
Outer covering
Protects body
 Cuticle; waxy
(not on roots)
 Prevent water loss
Epidermis:
DRAW AND LABEL
GUARD CELLS & STOMATA
 Guard Cells
Daytime-fill with
water and
 Stomata open
 Night, guard cells
_______, and


Stomata ______
Epidermis
 Stomata-openings
 Leaves
(mostly
bottom)& stems
 Control water loss
 Gas Exchange
 Controlled by
Guard Cells
Epidermis
 Root hairs-on root
epidermal cells

Enhance water & mineral
absorption
2. Vascular Tissue
 A) Xylem-
Function: H2O & Mineral
transport from root to
leaves.
 B) Phloem-
Function: Sugar &
other organic
material transport
throughout plant
body
3. Ground Tissue
 Most of the plant tissue.
 Functions: photosynthesis,
storage
 Surrounds vascular tissue
Plant Growth
 Meristems—Regions of actively
dividing cells.
 Root
 shoot
Plant Growth
Terminal bud
Bud scale
Axillary buds
Leaf scar
Node
This year’s growth
(one year old)
Stem
Internode
 Primary
 Secondary
Figure 35.11
 Wood
and
One-year-old side
branch formed
from axillary bud
near shoot apex
Leaf scar
Scars left by terminal
bud scales of previous
winters
Last year’s growth
(two years old)
Growth of two
years ago (three
years old)
bark
Leaf scar
How Vascular tissue is Arranged
in stems
 Dicot stem
Two Classes of Angiosperms
(Anthophyta) ( p. 596)
 Cotyledons: seed leaf
 Monocots—1
 65, 000 species
 Grasses, lily, palms
 Dicots—2
 185,000 species
 Tomatoe, oak, parsley
Monocots
Dicots
# of Cotyledons
# of Cotyledons
Leaf Vein Arrangement
Leaf Vein Arrangement
How flower parts are arranged
How flower parts are arranged
Arrangement of Vascular Tissue
Arrangement of Vascular Tissue


Cotyledon
Structure in the embryo of a seed plant that may form a ‘leaf’ after
germination and is commonly known as a seed leaf. The number of
cotyledons present in an embryo is an important character in the
classification of flowering plants (angiosperms).
 Monocotyledons (such as grasses, palms, and lilies) have a single
cotyledon, whereas dicotyledons (the majority of plant species) have
two. In seeds that also contain endosperm (nutritive tissue), the
cotyledons are thin, but where they are the primary food-storing tissue,
as in peas and beans, they may be quite large. After germination the
cotyledons either remain below ground (hypogeal) or, more commonly,
spread out above soil level (epigeal) and become the first green leaves.
In gymnosperms there may be up to a dozen cotyledons within each
seed.
 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss8/monocotdicot.html
Plant Body
*Roots
*Shoots
(stems,
leaves)
Reproductive shoot (flower)
Terminal bud
Plant Body
Node
Internode
Terminal
bud
Shoot
system
Vegetative
shoot
Leaf
Blade
Petiole
Axillary
bud
Stem
Taproot
Lateral roots
Figure 35.2
Root
system
Plant Body--Roots
 1.First Part to
Grow
 Positive
Gravitropism
Roots: Function
 Anchor
 Absorb water, minerals
 Store Nutrients
Prop Roots
 Grow Above
ground
 Help Support
 Example:
corn,
 mangrove
Aerial Roots
 Formed
in and
exposed to air
Orchids
Ivy
Rainforest
trees
Root Anatomy
 Root Cap
 Root Tip
 Root Hairs
Plant Body-Shoots
Above ground parts


1. Stems


Supports leaves, flowers, fruit
Contain Vascular Tissue
2. Leaves




Photosynthesis
Thin & Flat (high SA:V)
Veins ( Bundles)
Stomata-open & close
Seeds
 Fruits vary from hard and woody to soft. They
can have one to multiple seeds, and hard or
soft seeds. Some seeds are readily eaten (e.g.
peas, nuts), while some are not (e.g. cherry
pits, apple seeds).

 Two peanut seeds in the hard ovary (left);
apple seeds in the fleshy fruit, composed
partly of flower petals and sepals (right).
Cacti adaptations

Cacti depend on chlorophyll in the outer tissue of their skin and stems
to conduct photosynthesis for the manufacture of food. Spines protect
the plant from animals, shade the plant from the sun and also collect
moisture. Extensive shallow root systems are usually radial, allowing
for the quick acquisition of large quantities of water when it rains.
Because they store water in the core of both stems and roots, cacti are
well-suited to dry climates and can survive years of drought on the
water collected from a single rainfall.
Many other desert trees and shrubs have also adapted by eliminating
leaves -- replacing them with thorns, not spines -- or by greatly
reducing leaf size to eliminate transpiration. Such plants also usually
have smooth, green bark on stems and trunks serving to both produce
food and seal in moisture, such as the Paloverde. Some plants produce
ephemeral leaves during the brief rainy season to help increase
transpiration and photosynthesis. Sometimes these leaves only last for
one day.