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Effectiveness of Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq.)
Urban extract on Myzus persicae Sulzer
Leónides Castellanos González, Aniurka Fernández Valero,
Isabel Ortega Meseguer and José Orestes Guerra de León
(CETAS) Centre of Studies for the Sustainable Agrarian Transformation. University of
Cienfuegos Rodas road. Cienfuegos.
Email: [email protected]
Presented at the 3rd e-Conference on Agricultural BioSciences (IeCAB 2010),
held online from1st -15th June 2010 at
http://www.m.elewa.org/econferenceIeCAB.php
Introduction
 The Flora of Cuba is so rich and varied with more than six thousand
species of higher plants, of which 50% or more are endemic.
 Their characterisation improves the possibility of using them more
rationally.
 138 species of plants have been reported with some pesticidal
effects.
 Farmers have little knowledge about the use of biochemical
pesticides and their effectiveness.
 A new plant that is not yet reported in literature, well-known as
maguey (Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq.) Urban is used by farmers.
 The objective of this study was to determine the technical
effectiveness of the extract of F. hexapetala on M. persicae in
laboratory and field conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The vegetative material was obtained in the community "Babiney
"in the municipality of Abreus in Cienfuegos province. The leaves
of F. hexapetala were selected from mature plants of 2 m height
that possessed leaves of approximately 1 m long and 10 cm wide,
which were on a shaft of 50 cm height and 15 cm in diameter
(Figure 1).
Effect of leaf extracts of Furcraea
hexapetala "in vitro"
The vegetative materials were extracted using
sugar mill.
The product was filtered and prepared into
different concentrations of 100, 50, 25 and
12.5% (the last same to the concentration used
by the farmers
Two assays were conducted on potato and
pepper leaves
Each assay had five treatments (4 levels of
extracts + a control of distilled sterile water)
Treatments applied using manual sprayer
M. persicae was obtained of potato's field of
Desirée variety of 35 planted
In each assay five Petri dishes were used per treatment, which constituted the replicates. A
pepper or potato leaf was placed in each per Petri dish; a piece of cotton moistened with
sterile distilled water was placed in the peduncle of the leaf and surrounding it, to prevent
the aphids from escaping. With the help of a paintbrush 10 aphids were placed on each leaf
% mortality = A - B / A x 100
Where A: Number of live individuals' in the control.
B: Number of live individuals' in the treatment
Data subjected to Analysis of Variance by SPSS
The percentage data were transformed in 2 arc sin√ p
(Lerch, 1977)
Means were compared by the test of multiple ranges of
Duncan with a probability of error of 5%.
Effect of the leaf extract of Furcraea hexapetala
(Jacq.) Urban under field conditions
Two assay: one in potato field and one in pepper field.
Each assay had five treatments (four levels of leaf extracts -100, 50, 25
and 12.5% and a control (water treatment). All applied using manual
sprayer.
At the 24th, 48th and 72nd hour after spraying the plants were evaluated to
determine the number of aphids per plant in each plot.
This information allowed determination of the technical effectiveness of
each concentration of the leaf extract using the Abbott formula (Ciba
Geigy, 1981).
Data subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS
The percentage data were transformed in 2 arc sin√ p (Lerch, 1977)
Means were compared by the test of multiple ranges of Duncan with a
probability of error of 5%.
Determination of the effect of different fractions of the
leaf extract of F. hexapetala on M. persicae under
laboratory conditions
The cuticle covering the leaves was removed before chopping them into sizes; the
pieces were placed on a stove at 40°C until constant weight
A hydro alcoholic mixture (ethanol-water; 70:30) was prepared.
To obtain the leaf extract: 545.90 g of the leaf material (powdered) was macerated in
2000 ml of the hydro alcoholic solvent.
Successive extraction processes were carried out with solvent of growing polarity
(petroleum, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) until obtaining a crude extract of
saponins (in butanolic extract)
The effect of the four obtained extracts:
hydro alcoholic extract
hydro alcoholic extract with chloroform,
hydro alcoholic extract with ethyl acetate
and the n-butanol extract (crude of saponins)
evaluated on Myzus
persicae under laboratory
conditions
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1: Technical effectiveness of the leaf extracts of Furcraea hexapetala
(Jacq.) Urban on Myzus persicae Sulzer raised on pepper under laboratory
conditions.
Technical effectiveness ( % )
Treatments
Time of exposition
24 h
48 h
72 h
Extract of F. hexapetala 100%
64.0
ns
80.5
ns
88.00
ns
Extract of F. hexapetala
50 %
54.55
ns
73.0
ns
78.0
ns
Extract of F. hexapetala
25 %
50.5
ns
69.0
ns
76.5
ns
Extract of F. hexapetala
12.5 %
48.0
ns
68.0
ns
74.25
ns
Standard error
0.055
0.033
0.058
Coefficient of variation ( % )
4.01
1.7
2.68
n/s - Not statistical significance.
Table 2: Technical effectiveness of the leaf extracts of Furcraea
hexapetala (Jacq.) Urban on Myzus persicae Sulzer raised on potato
under laboratory conditions.
Technical effectiveness ( % )
Time of exposition
24 h
48 h
72 h
Treatment
Extract of F. hexapetala 100%
60
ns
82.25
ns
84.0
ns
Extract of F. hexapetala
50 %
56
ns
75.0
ns
80.0
ns
Extract of F. hexapetala
25 %
53
ns
73.0
ns
76.0
ns
Extract of F. hexapetala 12.5 %
47
ns
69.0
ns
73 .0
ns
Standard error *
0.632
0.038
0.080
Coefficient of variation ( % )
3.81
1.84
3.54
* n/s - Not statistically significant.
Table 3: Technical effectiveness of the leaf extracts of Furcraea hexapetala
Jacq.) Urban on the populations of Myzus persicae Sulzer in pepper under field
conditions.
Population level
(aphids/plant)
Treatments
72 h
Technical
effectiveness
(%)
24 h
48 h
24 h
48 h 72 h
Extract of F. hexapetala 100%
1.96 b
1.12 b
0.68 b
51
72.0
83
Extract of F. hexapetala
50 %
2.32 b
1.32 b
0.84 b
42
67.0
79
Extract of F. hexapetala
25 %
2.44 b
1.32 b
0.92 b
39
67.0
77
Extract of F. hexapetala
12.5 %
2.50 b
1.40 b
1.16 b
37
65
71
Control
4.0 a
4.0 a
4.0 a
Standard error *
0.064
0.078
0.081
Coefficient of variation ( % )
8.91
12.91
14.89
*Means followed by different letters are significantly different at p <0.05
according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Table 4: Technical effectiveness of the leaf extracts of Furcraea
hexapetala (Jacq.) Urban on populations of Myzus persicae Sulzer in
potato under field conditions.
Populación level
(aphids/plant)
Treatments
Technical effectiveness
(%)
24 h
48 h
72 h
24 h
48 h
72 h
Extract of F. hexapetala 100%
4.0 b
1.5 b
0.9 b
52.0
74
88.0
Extract of F. hexapetala
50 %
4.0 b
2.2 b
1.3 b
42.6
70.6
82.6
Extract of F. hexapetala
25 %
4.3 b
2.2 b
1.4 b
38.25
70.6
81.3
Extract of F. hexapetala
12.5 %
4.5 b
2.4 b
1.5 b
34.0
68
Control
7.5 a
7.5 a 7.5 a
Standard error *
0.056
0.075
0.075
Coefficient of variation ( % )
7.86
11.97
14.03
80.0
*Means followed by different letters are significantly different at p <0.05 according
to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Table 5: Technical effectiveness of the different fractions of leaf
extract of Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq.) Urban on M. persicae under
laboratory conditions.
Variants
Time of exposition
Technical effectiveness
(%)
24 h
48 h
72 h
Hydro alcoholic extract
70 a
70 b
80 b
Chloroform extract
40 b
70 b
70 bc
Ethyl acetate extract
30 b
50 c
60 c
N butanol extract
75 a
100 a
100 a
Standard error *
0.110
0.147
0.132
Coefficient of variation ( % )
13.41
13.67
11.68
*Means followed by different letters are significantly different at p <0.05
according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
CONCLUSIONS
1.
The extract of Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq.) Urban
manifested technical effectiveness on Myzus persicae Sulzer
higher than 73% "in vitro" and 71% under field conditions, both
on pepper and on potato plants.
2. The butanolic fraction of the extract of F. hexapetala reached
100% effectiveness on M. persicae, confirming that the
insecticidal effect of the plant is due to the saponins present.
THANKS