Transcript Plant Structure and Function


Vascular

Three main parts: roots, stems and leaves
 Roots can be different sizes:
 Fibrous and tap roots
 Storage roots; beets, carrots, sweet potatoes and turnips
 Roots have different functions: anchoring the plant, taking in
water and minerals, and store food.

Nonvascular
Simple; most grow in moist places
 No vascular tissues.


Function of stems

Support, transport of water & food
 Most stems grow upward
 Some stems grow sideward

Types of stems
 Green
 Woody

Transport of materials
 Xylem & phloem
Xylem-Conducts water and minerals
from roots to plant
-composed of dead cells that
form water-pipe system
Phloem-Conducts food throughout
plant
-composed of living cells
arranged into tubules


Leaves come in variety of shapes and sizes
Leaves are arranged in different ways
 As a plant makes sugar, oxygen is
released
chlorophyll – the
green substance
found in plants
that traps energy
from the sun and
gives plants
their green color
carbon dioxide – a
gas found in air
Plants reproduce
differently
Reproduce – it
means “to make more
of the same kind”
Plants are classified by characteristics.
Plants that make seeds
Flowering
Plants
Conifers
Plants that do not make
seeds
Ferns
Mosses
a protective
covering that
surrounds the
seed
makes seeds.
makes the plant's
food.
anchor the plant
in place and
absorb water and
other minerals
from the soil.
carries water and food
to the rest of the plant.
Sepal – one of the leaflike parts that protects
a flower bud and that is
usually green
Pistil – part of a flower
that makes the eggs
that grow into seeds
Stamen – part of a
flower that makes
pollen
Pollen – tiny grains
that make seeds when
combined with a
flower’s egg
Ovary – the bottom
part of the pistil
in which seeds
form
Ovule - the inner
part of an ovary
that contains an
egg
embryo – tiny part
of a seed that can
grow into a new
plant




After fertilization the flower
dries up and petals fall off,
leaving just the pistil and its
ovary.
The top of the pistil falls off and the ovary gets
larger as one or more seeds form inside it.
When the seeds are formed, the ovary dries up
and the seeds fall out.
Corn, Beans, and Peas are seeds that we eat

When a pollen grain reaches a pistil, it grows a
thin tube to the ovary. Sperm from the pollen
grain combines with an egg, and a seed forms.

Pollination- the
movement of pollen
from a stamen to a
pistil
Butterflies may carry
pollen from the stamen of
one flower to the pistil of
the the same flower.
Sometimes the butterfly
may carry pollen from the
stamen of one flower to the
pistil of another flower of
the same kind.
monocot
seed – a
seed that
has one
seed leaf
and
stored
food
outside
the seed
leaf
dicot seed – a
seed that has two
seed leaves that
contain stored
food

Dormant Seed

Takes in water and the
seed coat gets soft. If the
seed has enough oxygen
and the right temperature,
it will begin to germinate.
dormant – the
resting stage of a
seed

Geminating Seed


First a root pushes through the
seed coat and grows downward.
The top part of the root grows
upward and becomes the stem.
The stem carries the seed coat and
the seed leaves with it. The seed
coat falls off. The seed leaves
provide food for the plant. Two
small leaves begin to grow from
between the seed leaves.

Seedling

When the stored food within the original seed
leaves is used up, they dry up and drop off.
More leaves grow from buds on the stem as the
plant grows taller. The new leaves can trap
energy from sunlight and make sugar. Plants use
the energy in the
sugar to
grow.