Transcript bio454presentationEurope - Cal State LA

Europe
Tanacetum parthenium
Taxonomy & Distribution/Ecology
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Tanacetum parthenium is also known as Chrysanthemum
parthenium, or by it’s common name feverfew, febrifuge,
mid-summer daisy, or wild chamomile. (1 & 2)
It is an herb that was originally grown in Southeastern
Europe, but, has spread to parts of South & North America.
Commonly grows on roadsides or borders of wooded-areas.
(1 & 2)
It belongs to the family Compositae or Asteraceae.
This is the largest vascular plant family. It’s
well known members are daisies and sunflowers.
(2 & 3)
Current Medicinal Uses & Active Compounds
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Primarily used for the prevention & treatment of migraine
headaches; specifically frequency and intensity. (1 & 2)
Can reduce symptoms of hay fever & asthma. (1 & 2)
Used as an anti-inflammatory in cases of arthritis. (1)
It can promote menstrual flow. (2)
The main active compound in feverfew is
parthenolide. It also contains flavonids,
camphor, volatile oils, bitter resin, and tannins.
(1 & 2)
Traditional Medicinal Uses
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The various uses of feverfew were discovered during the
17th century by an herbalist named John Parkinson and
an English physician named Culpeper. (1)
Feverfew was used to combat: mad dog bites, the
plague, malaria. (1)
Helped relieve nerve pain caused by sciatica & shingles.
(1)
Acted as an antiseptic and repellent for insects/insect
bites, such as the honey bee. (1)
Warmed and mixed w/tea, feverfew
could relieve cold and congestion
symptoms. (1)
Preparation for Use
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Feverfew is collected for medicinal use as soon as the
plant has flowers, but before the flowers have fully
bloomed. (1)
Leaves are separated from the plant and left to dry out
in a room that is devoid of direct sunlight. (1)
Once the leaves are dry it is called the “dried herb” and
it is most commonly kept in dark
containers. (1)
The picture to the right illustrates
the dried leaves, also known as
the feverfew herb. Which can be
consumed with teas, or is available
in capsule form. (1)
Works Cited
(1)
Hanrahan, Clare. "Feverfew." Moneywatch.com/Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine.
Retirement Publications, 06 Apr. 2001. Web. 01 Oct. 2010.
<http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2603/is_0003/ai_2603000363/?tag=content;col1>.
(2)
Canada. Government of Ontario. Ministry of Agricultural Food & Rural Affairs. Ontario Ministry
of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs / Ministère De L'Agriculture, De L'Alimentation Et
Des Affaires Rurales De L'Ontario. By Jan Shooley. Queen's Printer for Ontario, 01 Jan.
2003. Web. 02 Oct. 2010.
<http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/hort/herbs/feverf.htm>.
(3)
"Asteraceae." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 01 Oct. 2010.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositae>.
*All images searched for using Google Images.
Symphytum
officinale
Samantha Carney
Biol 454 Medical Ethnobotany
Dr. Fisher
October 7, 2010
General Information
Commonly known as Comfrey
Family Boraginoideae or forget-me-not
Native to Britain and Ireland
Grows in damp, grassy places such as
riverbanks and ditches
Flowers are small and bell shaped, and can
be white, cream, pink, or light purple
Leaves are broad and hairy
Root is black and turnip like
Root is used for homeopathic remedy
Perennial Herb
Commonly confused with Foxglove when
not flowering, which is deadly
Uses
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Internal uses: Bronchial problems, gastric ulcers, circulation, cancer, diarrhea,
expectorant, sedative and stimulant.
External uses: broken bones, sprains, arthritis, severe burns, acne and other skin
conditions, astringent, cancer, inflammation, sores and swelling, and varicose
ulcers.
Bone and teeth building for children
Treatment of many female disorders
Comfrey is also a good source of fertility in an organic garden.
Ingredients
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Active ingredient: Allantoin- a cell proliferating compound that
speeds up the natural replacement of body cells
Other ingredients: mucilage, steroidal saponins, tannins,
pyrrolizidine alkaloids, inulin, and proteins.
Hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) can be particularly
dangerous
There are at least 8 different PA compounds
Problems and Controversy
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PAs can lead to veno-occlusive
disease (VOD), and this causes liver
failure.
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effects can be cumulative
In studies has been shown to cause
cancer
People are warned not to ingest
comfrey
Can cause irregular heartbeats and
convulsions
Extreme amounts ingested can cause
death
At least one documented death
Banned in Canada
References
“Species: Symphyum officinale L.” 2010. Global Biodiversity
Information Facility. http://data.gbif.org/species/13743584
“Symphytum officinale- Comfrey.” 2008. Plants for Livestock.
Cornell University: Department of Animal Science.
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/medicinal/comf.html
“Symphytum officinale L.- common comfrey.” Plants Profile.
United States Department of Agriculture.
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SYOF
Artemisia absinthium
Derek Bucheli
Description
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Absinthe is a perinneal plant with silvery gray,
strongly aromatic foilage
It is clump forming and semi woody
It is well branched and the stems can reach up to 3 ft
tall and 2 feet across
Its flowers heads are yellow and they droop in leafy
clusters
The leaves are spirally arranged and bear minute oilproducing glands
It is native to the Mediterranean and temperate regions
of Europe
Sage brush is a close relative to wormwood
Active Compounds
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Volatile oil with a high level of thujone
Sesquiterpene lactones
Acetylenes
Flavonoids
Phenolic acids
Lignans
Malic acid
Salic
Absinthin
Anabsinthin
Succinic acid
http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/e
nwiki/488997
Traditional Uses
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They are used for gardening
It was also used to make the psychedelic drink Absinthe,
which was considered to cause mental illness.
Used to remedy indigestion and gastric pain
It acts as an antiseptic, as well as, a febrifuge
Can be used as an anthelmintic in its dry encapsulated form
Can help with sprains, bruises, and inflammations
It can be used to help pregnant women with pain during
labor
The oil of plant can help with blood circulation
Pure wormwood oil in inproper doses is very poisonous
Recent Literature
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In a 2010 study done in Germany, physicians gave a
certain number of patients with Chron’s Disease, some
wormwood along with their usual treatment
They were able to see that after 6 weeks that there were
remission of symptoms in 80 percent of the patients
It suppressed tumor necrosis, as well as the healing of
patients
It also improved the patient’s moods
More testing will be done with wormwood in clinical
conditions
http://www.aclinmicrobiol.org.uk/training.html
Literature Cited
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Christman, Steve. (2000). Artemisia absinthium. Floridata,
683. Retrieved October 5, 2010, from
http://www.floridata.com/ref/a/arte_abs.cfm
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Herb data, Wormwood. (2000). Hollistic Online. Retrieved
October 5, 2010, from
http://www.holisticonline.com/herbal-med/_Herbs/
h312.htm
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Krebs, S., Omer, T.N., & Omer, B. (2010). Wormwood
(Artemisia absinthium) suppresses tumour necrosis factor
alpha and accelerates healing in patients with Crohn's
disease - A controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine, 17(5).
Retrieved October 5, 2010, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19962291
Humulus lupulus
(hop)
Taxamony, Distribution, Ecology
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Humulus Lupulus is also known as Common hops,
European hops
A vine plant that native to Europe, Asia, and North
America, Australia that thrives in moist, fertile,
well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade in open
positions, and it may rise to a height of twenty-three
feet.
Hops are the cone-like, fruiting bodies (strobiles) of the
plant and are typically harvested from cultivated female
plants
Tiny male flowers (July-August) are greenish yellow;
female ones are pale green, and are followed by greenish
to greenish pink fruiting cones (called strobiles), which
are covered with yellow glands that contain the hop
bitters
It belongs to the family Cannabidaceae
European
hop
Japanese
hop
Hops cone (breakdown)
Hop lupulin may vary in color from pale yellow to
an intense golden color.
Bitter hops have much greater quantities of
lupulin than the aromatic types.
Hops
100%
Soft Resins
Vegetal
Material
13%
Alpha Acids
8%
Beta Acids
4%
Other Resins
1%
Hard Resins
2%
Essential Oils
1%
Hydrocarbons
0.75%
Oxidative
Products
0.2%
Sulphur
containing
compounds
0.05%
84%
History: Hops gained acceptance in England as an
ingredient in beer and as a medicinal herb in 17th century.
American Indians made a sedative from the blossoms, and
they also applied heated, dried flowers to relieve toothaches.
This substance prevents gram-negative bacteria from
growing in the beer or wort
The essential oil in the flowering heads is used as a flavouring in
cereal beverages and mineral waters. Extracts from the plant, and the
oil, are used as flavouring in non-alcoholic beverages, frozen dairy
desserts, candy, baked goods and puddings.
Traditional Usage:
- Anxiety
- Appetite Loss
- Digestive Problems
- Gynecological Aid
- Hyper-excitability
- Insomnia
- Intestinal Cramps
- Menopause
- Nervous Tension
- Restlessness
- Skin Abrasions
- Stress
- Tension Headache
- Ulcers
- Urinary System Conditions.
The seeds contain gamma-linolenic acid, (plays a crucial role
in brain function as well as normal growth and development. Also
known as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), they help
stimulate skin and hair growth, maintain bone health, regulate
metabolism, and maintain the reproductive system)
References
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Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. 1919.
Hops and Lupulin. Herb & Supplement Encyclopedia.
http://www.florahealth.com/flora/home/Canada/healthinformation/encyclope
dias/HopsandLupulin.asp
Humulus lupulus - L. Plants for a future.
http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?Latin name=Humulus%20lupulus
Humulus lupulus L.- common hop.” Plants Profile. United
States Department of Agriculture.
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HULU
http://www.usahops.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=hop_info&pageID=15