Photosensitization
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Transcript Photosensitization
Poisonous Plants of Colorado
Signs of Plant Poisoning
Sudden death
Transitory illness = lasts only a short time
General body weakness
Disturbance of the central nervous, vascular and
endocrine systems (any gland of the body that
secretes a substance or hormone, thereby
controlling certain bodily processes (thyroid,
adrenal))
Photosensitization = external parts of body
(usually skin), become sensitive to light
Frequent urination
Diarrhea
Bloating
Signs of Plant Poisoning
Chronic debilitation (loss of strength or a weakened
condition) and death
Embryonic death
Fetal death
Abortion
Extensive liver necrosis (death of animals cells of
tissues) and/or cirrhosis (a diffuse fibrosis (hardening)
of the liver, and some other organs
Edema (accumulation of fluid in the subcutaneous
tissue) and/or abdominal dropsy
Tumor growth in tissues
Congenital deformities = acquired during prenatal life;
birth defects
Metabolic deficiencies
Physical injury
Arrowgrass
Arrowgrass
© Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College.
Arrowgrass
Perennial which
resembles grass
except the leaves are
thicker and circular.
6-12 inches tall
Stems – half round
Broom snakeweed
Broom snakeweed
©W.L. Wagner. Courtesy of Smithsonian Institution, Dept. of Systematic Biology, Botany.
Broom snakeweed
Low, perennial half-shrub
1 to 2 feet tall
Many branched
Leaves are linear, entire, and alternately
arranged
Yellow flowers in small composite heads
Chokecherry
Chokecherry
Shrub or small tree
Smooth dark bark
Green oval leaves
with small-toothed
edges
White flowers in
umbrella clusters
Red fruit
Death camas
Death camas
Death camas
Perennial – rises from
bulb resembling an
onion except the bulb
is odorless
Leaves are flat, long
& narrow w/ parallel
veins
White flowers in early
spring
4 to 18 inches tall
Gambel oak
Gambel oak
Shrubs & trees are
best recognized by:
their fruit – the acorn
Their leathery leaves
with wavy margins
Greasewood
Greasewood
Greasewood
Native shrub
Erect, but much
branched plant
Thorny
2 to 5 feet tall
High in water content
Fleshy, bright green
leaves
Gray bark on older
stems
Halogeton
Halogeton
Bushy, succulent
annual
Little hooked spine on
tip of leaf
High water content in
spring
Seed covered with
white scalelike wings
Resembles Russian
thistle
Horsebrush
Horsebrush
Shrub
2 to 4 feet high
Yellow flowers in
spring
Spiny, silvery-white
leaves
Courtesy of Smithsonian Institution, Dept. of Systematic Biology, Botany.
Low larkspur
Low larkspur
Perennial
Erect, seldom branched
Shallow cluster of tuberous roots
Deeply indented leaves
Blue flowers are clustered around tops of
stems
Tall larkspur
Tall larkspur
Perennial
Much like low larkspur
Note the long “spur” on the flower from
which the name larkspur is derived
Flowers are spread out more at top of
plant
Locoweed
Locoweed
Perennial
Erect or spreading
stems
Flowers and stems
resemble garden pea
(but much smaller)
Lupine
©W.L. Wagner. Courtesy of Smithsonian Institution,
Dept. of Systematic Biology, Botany.
Lupine
Not all lupines are poisonous
Annual or perennial
Some shrubs
Leaves are divided into 2 to 9 parts
Attached to a single point like spokes on a
wheel
Spikes of pea-shaped flowers in early
summer
Milkvetch
Milkvetch
Milkvetch
Perennial
Flowers in June or
July
Found on dry sites
Flower resembles
sweet peas
Vary in color from
creamy white to
shades of violet
Pine Needles
©J.S. Peterson. USDA NRCS NPDC. Evergreen, Jefferson Co., CO. July 15, 2001.
Herman, D.E. et al. 1996. North Dakota tree handbook. USDA NRCS ND State
Soil Conservation Committee; NDSU Extension and Western Area Power
Admin., Bismarck, ND. Courtesy of ND State Soil Conservation Committee.
Provided by USDA NRCS ND State Office. ND
Pine Needles
A 50-150 foot tall tree
Needles are usually in
groups of 3
Seeds are in pine
cones
©J.S. Peterson. USDA NRCS NPDC. Evergreen, Jefferson Co., CO. July 15, 2001
Sneezeweed
Sneezeweed
Sneezeweed
Perennial
Large yellow to
orange heads that
resemble the
sunflower (except
they have yellow
centers)
Tansy ragwort
Tansy ragwort
Tansy ragwort
Biennial or perennial
Strongly scented herb
with simple stems
8 inches to 3 feet high
Whole plant has
strong, unpleasant
odor when crushed
Prevention of plant poisoning
Follow good pasture or range management practices –
plant poisoning is usually a sign of a sick range
Know the poisonous plants common to your area
Know the symptoms that generally indicate plant
poisoning
Avoid turning to pasture in early spring
Provide supplemental feed during droughts, after
plants become mature and after early frost
Avoid turning very hungry animals where there are
poisonous plants
Avoid driving animals too fast when trailing
Remove promptly all animals from infested areas when
plant poisoning strikes
Treat promptly, preferable by a veterinarian
Eyewitness Account
What kind of livestock (specie)
How the animal acted (signs)
What time of year this occurred
What the plant looked like
What you are going to do to prevent this from
occurring again
“We are live at the Tox Plant Ranch where animals have
been found dead – we are talking with the owner – Mr.
Doe – what have you had happening here?”
Arrowgrass
Arrowgrass
© Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College.
Broom snakeweed
Broom snakeweed
©W.L. Wagner. Courtesy of Smithsonian Institution, Dept. of Systematic Biology, Botany.
Chokecherry
Death camas
Death camas
Gambel oak
Gambel oak
Greasewood
Greasewood
Halogeton
Halogeton
Horsebrush
Horsebrush
Courtesy of Smithsonian Institution, Dept. of Systematic Biology, Botany.
Low larkspur
Tall larkspur
Locoweed
Locoweed
Lupine
©W.L. Wagner. Courtesy of Smithsonian Institution,
Dept. of Systematic Biology, Botany.
Milkvetch
Milkvetch
Pine Needles
©J.S. Peterson. USDA NRCS NPDC. Evergreen, Jefferson Co., CO. July 15, 2001.
Herman, D.E. et al. 1996. North Dakota tree handbook. USDA NRCS ND State
Soil Conservation Committee; NDSU Extension and Western Area Power
Admin., Bismarck, ND. Courtesy of ND State Soil Conservation Committee.
Provided by USDA NRCS ND State Office. ND
Sneezeweed
Sneezeweed
Tansy ragwort
Tansy ragwort