Transcript The Processes of Life

Animal Cells
Contains the cell DNA and
controls the cells function.
A jelly–like fluid where
many chemical processes
happen.
The membrane controls the
movement of chemicals in
out of the cell.
Plant Cells
vacuole
Sugar and salts are
stored in the vacuole.
nucleus
cell wall
The cell wall gives
the plant support.
cell membrane
cytoplasm
chloroplasts Light and carbon dioxide are
combined to form sugars.
Animal and Plant Cells
vacuole
nucleus
cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm
chloroplasts
Plant and animal cells share many physical characteristics such
as a nucleus, cytoplasm and a membrane. Plant cells have
chloroplasts that help change sunlight into energy.
Onion Cells
This photograph of a stained layer of onion clearly
shows the nuclei and cell walls.
Leaf Cells
The epidermal tissue is a
thin layer of cells that allow
light through into the leaf.
The light is absorbed in the
chloroplasts contained in the
palisade cells and sugar is
made.
The cells in the spongy
tissue also contain
chloroplasts where light is
absorbed and simple sugars
are made.
Specialised Cells
There are many different types of cells in the body. Each different
type of cell has its own specialised function.
Muscle cells are grouped
together to form muscle
tissue. These cells can
contract and expand to help
move our limbs.
Red blood cells float
around in our blood and
carry oxygen to all our
cells, keeping them alive.
Specialised Cells
Nerve have long extensions
coming from them that
carry electrical messages
around the body giving the
sensation of touch and
controlling organs.
White blood cells, shown
as WBC in the photo,
surround germ cells that
enter the body and kill
them
Specialised Cells
Sperm Cells
Egg Cells
A Zygote
In animals (such as humans) the male sex cells are called sperm and
the female sex cells are called eggs. When a sperm cell meets and
combines with an egg, a new cell called a ‘Zygote’ is made. A
zygote is the beginning of a new human being.
Flowering Plants
Compare this diagram with the photo
The flower is the reproductive organ of flowering plants. Flowers have
both a male part and a female part which normally mature at different
times so that the flower does not reproduce itself (asexual
reproduction)
Parts of a Flower
The anther is the male
part where pollen is
produced.
Stigma is the female part, it has a
sticky surface that traps pollen.
The ovary contains the female
sex cell.
The ovule is the female sex cell
Pollination
Pollination occurs
when the pollen grains
from the anther are
carried to the stigma of
another flower or the
same flower.
This picture shows two
types of pollination:
Self-pollination and
cross pollination.
Fertilisation
When a pollen grain lands on the
stigma of a suitable flower it
begins to grow a pollen tube.
Once this pollen tube reaches the
ovary the male sex cell is released
from the pollen grain and travels
down the tube towards an ovule.
Fertilisation takes place when the
male sex cell reaches the female
sex cell contained in the ovule.
The seed of another plant is then
created.
Seed Dispersal (Scattering)
The seeds from
a dandelion and
a sycamore tree
are dispersed by
the wind.
The seeds from
a fruit are
dispersed by
animals.
The seeds from
a pea plant are
dispersed when
the pod bursts.
The seeds from
a coconut tree
are dispersed
by water.
Seed Growth
A seed will begin to grow
‘germinate’ under the right
conditions. The right
conditions are normally,
moisture, a warm enough
temperature and air.
The food store within the seed
is used to grow roots (for
moisture and air) and a shoot
which sprouts leaves when it
leaves the soil.
Reproduction in Animals
The male sex cells are called
The female sex cells are called
Sperm
Eggs
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Membrane
Tail
Nucleus
Membrane
Fertilisation in Animals
In order for fertilisation to take place in animals, one of the sperm
produced by the male must reach one of the egg cells produced in the
female body.
Fertilisation in Animals
Once fertilisation has taken place, the new cell
(which is called a zygote) starts to divide, multiply
and grow in size, eventually producing a new baby.
Growth of an Unborn Baby
The baby spends around 9 months growing in the womb until it is
time for it to be born. At birth the baby will normally be 9 months
old.
Female Reproductive Organs
Male Reproductive Organs