Transcript Life Science - ScienceWilmeth5

Life Science
root
• the part of the
plant that grows
downward to
hold the plant in
place, absorb
water and
mineral foods,
and to store
food material
stem
• the main part
of a plant that
supports the
branches,
leaves,
flowers, or
fruit of the
plant
xylem
• narrow
tubes that
carry water,
minerals,
and food
upward from
the roots to
the leaves
phloem
• tubes that
carry food
made in the
leaves to
other parts
of the plant
leaf
• the food factory
of the plant that
uses water,
minerals, carbon
dioxide, and
energy from
sunlight to make
food
chlorophyll
• the green
color, or
pigment, in
plants that
help plants
use light
energy to
produce foods
(sugar)
photosynthesis
• the process
in which
plants use
chlorophyll
to make food
producer
• an organism
(plant) that
makes its
own food
consumer
• all
organisms
(except
plants) that
must eat to
get the
energy they
need
food chain
• the way
organisms in
an ecosystem
interact with
one another
according to
what they eat
herbivores
• organisms
and animals
that eat
plants
carnivores
• organisms
and animals
that eat
meat
omnivores
• organisms
and animals
that eat
plants and
meat
decomposers
• organisms like
mushrooms
and bacteria
that break
down tissues
of dead
organisms
food web
• shows the
relationship
between
many
different
food chains
in a single
ecosystem
energy pyramid
• shows the
amount of
energy
available to
pass from
one level of
a food chain
to the next
individual
• a single
organism in an
environment
population
• all the
individuals
of the same
kind living in
the same
environment
community
• all the
populations of
organisms
living together
in an
environment
ecosystem
• a community and its
physical environment
together
habitat
• a place in an
ecosystem
where a
population
lives
niche
• the role each
population
has in its
habitat
biome
• a large-scale ecosystem (a
biome includes the climate
and the plants and animals
adapted to living in that
climate)
nitrogen cycle
• the cycle in
which nitrogen
gas is changed
into forms of
nitrogen that
plants can use
carbon dioxide-oxygen cycle
• the process in
which carbon
dioxide and
oxygen cycle
(move) among
plants, animas,
and the
environment
water cycle
• the cycle in
which Earth’s
water moves
through the
environment
evaporation
• heat from the
sun changes
water on
Earth’s surface
to water vapor
condensation
• water vapor
changes back
into liquid
water
precipitation
• any form of
water that falls
from the clouds
transpiration
• the process in
which plants
give off water
through their
stomata
life cycle
• the series of
distinct stages
of life that most
organisms grow
and mature
through
direct development
• a kind of
growth where
organisms
keep the same
body features
as they grow
larger (ex.
humans)
metamorphosis
• a change in the
shape or
characteristics
of an
organism’s body
as it grows
• (ex. insects and
frogs)
incomplete
metamorphosis
• a kind of
growth that
includes only
3 stages of
development:
egg, nymph,
and adult
Life Cycle of the Meal Worm
(Darkling Beetle)
molting
• the process of shedding
the outer skeleton, giving
an insect room to grow
complete
metamorphosis
• a kind of growth that
has 4 distinct stages:
egg, larva, pupa, and
adult
Life Cycle of an Ant
Plant Life Cycle
Seeds
• Seeds are easily
stored, compact
and are usually
dark brown.
Germination
• With water, the
right
temperature and
the right
location (soil)
the seed begins
to make a new
plant.
Stems & Roots
• Stems put up
towards the light,
leaves unfold to take
more sunlight, and
branches appear.
Roots push down to
anchor the new
plants while they
take up minerals and
water from the soil.
Flowers
• Part of plant
which
produces
seeds and is
usually
colorful
Pollination
• Flowers are
pollinated in various
ways – by bees, and
other animals or even
by the wind. At the
base of each flower,
seeds are formed.
inherited trait
• a characteristic
that is passed
from parent to
offspring
dominant trait
• a strong trait
(can be seen
when passed to
the offspring by
one or both
parents)
recessive trait
• a weak trait (can
be seen only if
both parents
pass the factor
for it to the
offspring)
gene
• structures on a
chromosome
that contains
the DNA code
for a trait an
organism
inherits
competition
• the contest
among
organisms for
the limited
resources of an
ecosystem
camouflage
• patterns of body
color that help
animals
compete for
limited food
resources
predator
• an animal that
hunts another
animal for food
prey
• an animal that is
hunted or seized
for food by
another animal
instinct
• a behavior that an
organism inherits
(ex. Behaviors for
building shelters,
finding mates,
instinct to hunt,
migration)
learned behaviors
• behaviors that
organisms have
learned from their
parents, not inherited
from them (ex. A lion
cub learning hunting
skills, a bird knowing
what kind of nest to
build)