Transcript Poisonous Plants

Red Clover
• Description: purplish
red clover head, hairy
stem, 3 leaved
segments, pale ring
on leaves
• Poisonous parts: all
• Found: all over US,
in fields
• Signs of poisoning:
– Excessive
salivation
– Bloating
– Diarrhea
– Blindness
– Abortion
– Laminitis
Jimsonweed
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
• Scientific Name:
Datura spp.
• Other Names: Devils
Trumpet, Angels
Trumpet
• Description: can
grow up to 5’ tall, large
toothed leaves, white
to light violet trumpet
shaped flowers, 2”
spiny seed pods
• Poisonous Parts:
flowers, leaves, seeds
• Found: All over US,
common in fields
• Horses will only eat if
other food is not
available
Jimsonweed
http://www.fcps.edu/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/jimsonweed.htm
• Flowers smell sweet,
but otherwise plant
has bad odor
• Many black seeds
inside spiny seed pod
Jimsonweed
http://www.fcps.edu/StratfordLandingES/Ecology
/mpages/jimsonweed.htm
http://plants.usda.gov/java/
profile?symbol=DAST&phot
oID=dast_003_ahp.jpg
Signs of Poisoning:
• Excitement, then
sudden depression
• Colic
• Diarrhea
• Low temp
• Extreme thirst
• Dilated pupils
• Convulsions
• Coma
• Paralysis
• Respiratory paralysis
results in death
Poison Hemlock
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
• Scientific Name:
Conium maculatum
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/conium.html
• Description: grows up to
10’ tall, green stem with
purple spots, lacy
triangiular leaves, musky
odor, small white flowers
clustered with a flat top
• Poisonous Parts: all
• Found: all over US, field
edges and roadsides
• Horses can find texture
palatable
http://plants.usda.g
ov/java/profile?sym
bol=COMA2&photo
ID=coma2_2v.jpg
Poison Hemlock
Signs of Poisoning:
• Bloating
• Cold extremities
• Dilated pupils
• Weak heart beat
• Trembling
• Paralysis
• Coma
• Respiratory paralysis
results in death
http://www.vet.purdue.edu/depts/addl/toxic/plant28.htm
Yellow Star Thistle
• Scientific Name:
Centaurea solstitialis
• Description: grows
up to 2’ tall, bright
yellow flowers with a
spiny base, leaves
covered in cottony
hair
• Poisonous parts: all
• Found: NOT in MI,
found in southern &
western US, in fields,
pastures, & roadsides
• Poisoning usually
occurs in fall when
horses may acquire a
taste for the plant and
seek it out
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Yellow Star Thistle
Signs of Poisoning:
• “Chewing Disease”
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CESO3
– Involuntary chewing
– Lip twitching
– Swelling around the mouth
• Facial muscle paralysis
– Unable to chew or close
mouth
• Death eventually occurs
from starvation and
dehydration
http://kaweahoaks.com/html/yellow_starthistle.html
Foxglove
• Scientific Name:
Digitalis purpurea
• Description: purple, pink, red or
white tubular flowers with dark
spots, flowers open downward,
leaves are alternate, hairy and
slightly toothed
• Poisonous Parts: flowers, leaves,
seeds
• Found: all over US, often in flower
gardens
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Foxglove
http://www.freefoto.com/preview.jsp?id
=12-57-51&k=Foxglove+-+Digitalis
One bite is fatal
Signs of poisoning:
• Colic
• Bloody feces
• Poor appetite
• Pain
• Frequent urination
• Irregular heartbeat
• Possible convulsions
prior to death
Poinsettia
• Description: upper
leaves turn red, pink or
white in late fall,
• Poisonous parts:
leaves, stems and sap
• Found: all over US as a
holiday ornamental plant,
native to Mexico
• Scientific Name:
Euphorbia pulcherrima
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Poinsetta
http://www.schaefergreenhous
es.com/poinsettia.html
•Poinsettas
have low toxicity
Signs of poisoning:
• Skin
– Redness and swelling
– Blistering
• Gastrointestinal
– Stomach pain
– Diarrhea
http://www.schaefergreenhous
es.com/poinsettia.html
Oak Tree
• Poisonous Parts:
acorns, young leaves
• Found: all over US
• Signs of poisoning:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Bloody diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Kidney & liver damage
Frequent urination
Thirst
Anorexia
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
• Signs of toxicity occur
when large amount are
ingested
• Symptoms may last 3-10
days
• Death occurs with 85% of
horses showing signs
Oleander
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.ht
ml
Description:
• Woody evergreen bush,
grows up to 30’ tall
• Leaves
– leathery & pointed leaves
– grow opposite each other
in groups of 3
– arranged in whorls
• Flowers
– grow in clusters at the
ends of branches
– white, pink, purplish, red
Oleander
http://vet.purdue.edu/depts/addl/toxic/color52.htm
•Takes only 1 ounce of leaves to kill a horse
Oleander
Signs of Poisoning:
• Diarrhea
• Trembling
• Cold extremities
• Paralysis
• Coma
• Cardiac arrest
followed by death
• Scientific Name:
Nerium oleander
• Poisonous Parts: all
(do NOT burn—smoke
is also toxic)
• Found: NOT in MI,
found in southern US &
on the west coast
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleander
• Description:
Great Laurel is an
evergreen tree that
grows up to 35’ tall, it
has 4-10” oblong
alternating leaves, mixed
pink and white or various
single colored flowers
are arranged in clusters
White-flowered
rhododendron is a 3-6’
shrub with smaller
leaves and flowers than
the Great Laurel
Rhododendron
• Other Names:
Great Laurel,
White-flowered
Rhododendron
• Poisonous parts: all
http://www.monmouth.com/~asalerno/tony/ho
use/rhodadendrons.html
Rhododendron
Found: in wet wooded areas in eastern US, only whiteflowered rhododendron is seen in mountainous areas of US
http://www.pbase.com/copperhill/gardens
http://www.pbase.com/copperhill/image/60478206
Rhododendron
Signs of poisoning:
• Kidney or liver damage
• Repeated
swallowing
• Salivation
• Depression
• Bloating
• Colic signs
• Weakness
• Coma
• Death
http://www.pbase.com/copperhill/gardens
Rhubarb
• Signs of Poisoning:
– Weakness,
– Difficulty breathing
– Abdominal pain
– Diarrhea
– Convulsions
– Coma
– Death from
cardiovascular
collapse
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Poisonous Parts:
leaves
Horsetail
http://www.ansci.corne
ll.edu/plants/horselist.
html
• Description:
grows up to 3’ tall,
segmented hollow
stem has many
whorls of thin
grass-like leaves,
• Poisonous parts:
• Found: worldwide
• Toxicity higher in
green plants
http://www.traderscreek.com/Su
rvival_Guide/Edible_Plants/hors
etail.asp
• Scientific Name:
Equisetum arvense
Horsetail
Signs of Poisoning:
• Trembling
• Muscular rigidity
• Diarrhea
• Rapid pulse
• Cold extremities
• Coma and death if
feed source is not
removed
**Horses must
consume plant
over a 2 week
period—sometimes
plant is in hay
http://www.ansci.cornell.ed
u/plants/horselist.html
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Bracken Fern
• Description: dark
stem, segments of
leaves in triangular
shape, leaves are firm
& leathery
• Poisonous Parts: all
• Found: worldwide in
most forested areas
• Horses rarely eat this
plant unless no other
food is available
• Scientific Name:
Pteridium aquilinium
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Bracken Fern
Signs of poisoning:
• Loss of coordination
• Depression
• Blindness
• Stand in braced
position with legs
apart
• Death may occur if
horse not removed
from source of plant
http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandin
gES/Ecology/mpages/bracken_fern.htm
• Horses must eat plant
for a month to see
toxicity signs
Pokeweed
• Description: grows
up to 6-9’ tall, red
purplish woody
stalk, 5-10”
alternating leaves,
shiny purple to
black berries
mature July-Sept
• Poisonous Parts:
all
• Found: in eastern
2/3 of US
• Scientific Name:
Phytolacca americana
Signs of Poisoning:
• Salivation
• Colic
• Muscular weakness
• Diarrhea (often bloody)
• Respiratory failure,
anemia & gastritis are
severe symptoms
• Moderate quantities of
the plant must be
consumed to show signs
Pokeweed
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ecoph24.htm
• Scientific Name:
Black
Solanum spp.
• Description: maximum
of 3’ tall, pointed oval
leaves that are purplish
on underside, white to
light purple star shaped
flowers, bloom year
round, small shiny black
berries
• Poisonous Parts:
leaves, immature fruit
• Found: all over US,
common along fence
rows
Nightshade
Black Nightshade
Signs of poisoning:
• Signs of neurological &
gastrointestinal disorders
• Tiredness
• Muscle twitching
• Bloating
• Congestion in the lungs,
heart & spleen
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Choke Cherry
• Scientific Name: Prunus
spp.
• Other Names: Wild
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Cherries, Black Cherry,
Bitter Cherry, Choke
• Description: tree grows
Cherry, Pin Cherry
up to 30’ tall, bark is
reddish brown, simple
alternating oblong
leaves, bloom white or
pink cones of flowers
April to July, red to black
cherries ripen July to
Sept.
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Choke Cherry
• Poisonous
Parts:
seeds &
leaves
• Found: all
over US
http://web.mit.edu/cfox/www/flowers/2003-05-31/2141_Med.jpg.2.html
Choke Cherry
Signs of poisoning:
• Bright red mucus
membranes
• Slobbering
• Increased respiration
• Weak pulse
• Convulsions
• Rapid Death
http://www.borealfor
est.org/shrubs/shru
b31.htm
Red Maple
• Poisonous parts:
wilted or dried leaves,
bark
• Found: eastern half • Signs of poisoning:
of US
– Severe anemia
–
–
–
–
–
–
http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandi
ngES/Ecology/mpages/red_maple.htm
Weakness
Depression
Pale mucus membranes
Dark brown urine
Abortion
Death due to RBC unable to
transport oxygen to tissues
Milk Weed
• Poisonous Parts: all
• Found: all over US,
in fields
• Description: grows to 3’ tall,
thick green stem and leaves,
oblong leaves, teardrop
shaped seed pods filled with
silky white hairs, small light
pink flowers in clusters
Milkweed
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Signs of poisoning:
Bloating
Staggering
Rapid pulse
Gastroenteritis
Depression
Weakness
High Temp
Seizures
•Labored Breathing may
occur before death
Ornamental Yew
• Description:
evergreen shrub,
short spiny needles,
reddish brown bark,
bright red berries in
fall
• Poisonous Parts:
leaves, seeds, twigs
• Found: all over US,
often used as
ornamental shrub
• Scientific Name:
Taxus cuspidata
• Other Names:
Ground Hemlock
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Ornamental Yew
•
•
•
•
•
Signs of poisoning:
Nervousness
Confusion
Diarrhea
Heart will slow and
circulation fails
• Death is the usual
outcome
http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
ki/Taxus_baccata
• One bite is deadly
• Horse might collapse
right next to plant
after eating it
http://ontariotrees.com/main/species.php?id=2093
Black Walnut Tree
• Description:
compound leaves
arranged opposite of
each other, tennis ball
size green fruits, dark
grayish black bark
• Poisonous parts:
bark
• Found: eastern &
Midwestern US
• Horses are affected
when shavings from
the tree are used as
bedding
• Allergic reaction to
standing or laying in
bedding
– Swelling of the legs
– Laminitis
Black Walnut Tree
Ragworts OR Groundsel
• Poisonous Parts:
leaves
• Found: NOT in MI,
found in dry areas of
US
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Vetch
• Common Name:
Common Vetch, Hairy
Vetch, Narrow leaved
Vetch, Purple Vetch
and Broad Beans
• Poisonous Parts:
seeds