Transcript Angiosperms
Recall What You Know… What characteristics do all plants share? Multicellular Eukaryotic Cell walls made of cellulose Carry out photosynthesis What “challenges” did plants have to overcome to live on land? Acquiring, transporting & conserving water – vascular tissue Reproducing without water - seeds Vascular Tissue: A Transport System Xylem – a transport subsystem that carries water upward from the roots to every part of the plant. Phloem – a transport subsystem that carries solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis down to other parts of the plant. Endodermis Root hairs Phloem Xylem Vascular Cylinder Ground tissue (cortex) Epidermis Endodermis Vascular cylinder Zone of maturation Zone of elongation Apical meristem Root cap Cross Section of Plant Root (magnification: 40x) Comparing Seed Plants Comparing Features of Seed Plants Feature Gymnosperms Angiosperms Seeds Bear their seeds on cones Bear their seeds within flowers Reproduction Can reproduce without water; male gametophytes are contained in pollen grains; fertilization occurs by pollination Can reproduce without water; male gametophytes are contained in pollen grains; fertilization occurs by pollination Examples Conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, gnetophytes Grasses, flowering trees and shrubs, wildflowers, cultivated flowers Comparing Seed Plant Pollination Comparing Wind-pollinated and Animal-pollinated Plants Characteristics Wind-pollinated Plants Animal-pollinated Plants Pollination method Wind pollination Vector pollination Relative efficiency of pollination method Less efficient More efficient Plant types Mostly gymnosperms and Angiosperms some angiosperms Reproductive organs Cones Flowers Adaptations that promote pollination Pollination drop Bright colors, sweet nectar Plant Diversity Cone-bearing plants Gymnosperms 760 species Ferns and their relatives Seedless vascular plants 11,000 species Mosses and their relatives Bryophytes 15,600 species Flowering plants Angiosperms 235,000 species Develop unique reproductive organs known as flowers. Flowers contain ovaries, which surround and protect the seeds. The angiosperms are a diverse group. There are two classes within the angiosperms : monocotyledonae, or monocots, & dicotyledonae, or dicots. Monocots Dicots Seeds Single cotyledon Leaves Parallel veins Branched veins Flowers Floral parts often in multiples of 3 Floral parts often in multiples of 4 or 5 Vascular bundles scattered throughout stem Vascular bundles arranged in a ring Fibrous roots Taproot Stems Roots Two cotyledons Angiosperm Reproductive Organs: The Flower Stamen Anther Filament Stigma Style Carpel __(Pistil) Ovary Ovule Petal Sepal Angiosperm Reproductive Organs:The Flower Angiosperm Reproductive Organs:The Flower Angiosperm Reproductive Organs: The Flower – One more look: ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? Ovule ???? Angiosperm Reproductive Organs: The Flower Stamen Anther Filament Stigma Style Carpel Ovary Ovule Petal Sepal Important Parts If you’ve picked or smelled flowers, eaten vegetables, climbed a tree, or pulled up weeds, you already know more about the parts of plants than you may realize. Think about your past experiences with plants, and then list the functions of each of the following parts of a plant: 1. roots 2. leaves 3. stems 4. flowers and cones Leaf Stem Root Dermal tissue Vascular tissue Ground tissue Roots Roots, cont. Roots have 2 main functions: 1. 2. Anchor a plant in the ground Absorb water & dissolved nutrients from the soil Essential Plant Nutrients Nutrient Role in Plant Result of Deficiency Nitrogen Proper leaf growth and color; synthesis of amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll Stunted plant growth; pale yellow leaves Phosphorus Synthesis of DNA; development of roots, stems, flowers, and seeds Poor flowering; stunted growth Potassium Synthesis of proteins and carbohydrates; development of Weak stems and stunted roots; roots, stems, and flowers; resistance edges of leaves turn brown to cold and disease Magnesium Synthesis of chlorophyll Calcium Thin stems; mottled, pale leaves Cell growth and division; cell wall Stunted growth; curled leaves structure; cellular transport; enzyme action Leaf Stem Root Dermal tissue Vascular tissue Ground tissue Stems Stems have 3 important functions 1 Produce leaves, branches and flowers 2 Hold leaves up to the sunlight 3 Transport Substances between roots and leaves Leaves The site of absorbing light and carrying out photosynthesis Leaf Stem Root Dermal tissue Vascular tissue Ground tissue Leaves The site of absorbing light and carrying out photosynthesis. Leaf Stem Root Dermal tissue Vascular tissue Ground tissue