Transcript Horned Hereford

Identifying
Plants
Big Bluestem, Turkeyfoot,
Sand Bluestem
§ Andropogon gerardii Vitman
§ Perennial, warm season,
native, good grazer, decreases
with soil disturbance,
increases with fire
§ Tall grass, short roots, stemmy
hair at the base
§ Seed head branches into three
parts resembling a turkey’s
foot; can produce high-quality
hay
Sideoats Grama
§ Bouteloua curtipendula
§
§
§
§
(Michx.) Torr.
Perennial, warm season,
native, increaser
Adapted to fire and grazing;
decreases with soil
disturbance
Oatlike seeds produced on the
side of the plant
Nutritious forage; an
important grazing species
Annual Threeawn, Prairie Threeawn
§ Aristida oligantha Michx.
§ Annual, warm season, native,
increaser
§ Wiry clumps, 6 to 24 inches
tall
§ Sharp, needlelike awns can
cause eye infections in grazing
livestock; awns can become
entangled in sheep wool and
lessen its value
Blue Grama
§ Bouteloua gracilis (Willd.ex
§
§
§
Kunth) Lag.ex Griffiths
Perennial, warm season,
native, increaser
Bunch grass, 10 to 29 inches
high
Seed is curved and resembles
an eyebrow; produces a good
winter forage; can withstand
close grazing
Buffalograss
§ Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.)
§
§
§
§
Engelm.
Perennial, warm season,
native, increaser
Short grass
Forms a dense sod and
withstands grazing
Sometimes used as a lawn
grass
Switchgrass
§ Panicum virgatum L.
§ Perennial, warm season,
native, decreaser, good grazer,
responds well to fire
§ Tall grass; large, sprangled
seed head
§ Cutting young, tender plants
produces good quality hay;
horses tend to avoid this
species
Bermudagrass
§ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
§ Perennial, warm season,
introduced, good grazer
§ Sod forming, spreads by
runners
§ Often used to control soil
erosion, sometimes considered
a noxious weed
§ Commonly used as a lawn
grass
Little Bluestem
§ Schizachyrium scoparium
§
§
§
§
(Michx.) Nash
Perennial, warm season,
native, decreaser, good grazer,
adapted to fire
Deep roots, bluish stem, leaves
tend to fold
An important component of
prairie hay
Recovers well from prescribed
burns
Indiangrass
§ Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash
§ Perennial, warm season,
native, decreaser, good grazer,
responds well to fire
§ Tall grass; seed produced in
heads like sorghum
§ Produces a high-quality hay;
considered to be a key
management species for
prairie restoration
Johnsongrass
§ Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.
§ Perennial, warm season,
introduced
§ Tall grass
§ Can produce high-quality
forage and hay, but it can
become toxic under certain
growing conditions; has
become a troublesome
roadside weed
Antelope-horn Milkweed,
Green Antelope Horn
§ Asclepias viridis Walter
§ Perennial, warm season,
native
§ Stiff, nonbranching stems;
opposite leaves are
large and thick
§ Various Asclepias flowers are
important for migrating
butterflies
Yarrow, Common Yarrow,
Common Milfoil
§ Achillea millefolium L.
§ Perennial, warm season,
native
§ Tall, erect stems; stems
covered with long, silky hairs
§ Often grown as an ornamental
Musk Thistle, Nodding Thistle
§ Carduus nutans L.
§ Biennial, warm season,
introduced
§ Erect stem; 15 to 78 inches
tall; stiff, barbed leaves;
showy, pink florets
§ Considered a noxious weed;
many states, including
Oklahoma, regulate its
eradication
Western Ragweed
§ Ambrosia psilostachya DC.
§ Perennial, warm season,
native
§ Erect stems, gray-green leaves,
rhizome-like roots
§ Pollen causes severe hayfever
for many people
Indian Paintbrush, Paint Cup
§ Castilleja indivisa Engelm.
§ Annual, warm season, native
§ Flowers are usually a bright
§
§
red-orange color
Can grow in shallow soils and
heavily grazed areas; can
establish large populations
Prized as a roadside
wildflower
Purple Coneflower, Blacksampson,
Echinacea
§ Echinacea angustifolia DC.
§ Perennial, warm season,
native
§ Tall, erect stem; showy purple
florets; long narrow leaves
§ Valuable as a medicinal and
herbal plant
§ Often grown as an ornamental
Plains Tickseed, Golden Coreopsis,
Wild Flax
§ Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.
§ Annual, warm season, native
§ Erect stem; ascending
§
branches; narrow, divided
leaves; showy florets
Often grown as an ornamental
Snow-on-the-Mountain,
White-Margined Spurge
§ Euphorbia marginata Pursh
§ Annual, warm season, native
§ Tall, erect stem; white-
§
margined leaves; showy white
florets; sometimes used as an
ornamental
The foliage is toxic to livestock
but is usually avoided by
them; often grows in
disturbed area
Indian Blanket, Firewheel,
Rose-Ring Gaillardia
§ Gaillardia pulchella Foug.
§ Annual, warm season, native
§ Showy, radiating, brownish
§
red and yellow florets
The state wildflower of
Oklahoma; Native Americans
considered it to be good luck
Annual Sunflower, Common Sunflower
§ Helianthus annuus L.
§ Annual, warm season, native
§ Tall with large heads; rough,
§
§
§
hairy stems
Palatable to livestock
Its presence is an indicator of
disturbed soil
Cultivated varieties are grown
for cut flowers
Common Broomweed,
Annual Broomweed
§ Gutierrezia dracunculoides
§
§
§
(DC.) Blake
Annual, warm season, native
Tough, woody stem; branches
near the top; yellow florets in
the fall
Used in dried floral
arrangements and
architectural models
Mexican Hat, Prairie Coneflower,
Long-Headed Coneflower
§ Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.)
§ Perennial, warm season,
native
§ Erect stems; long cylindrical
heads with showy, drooping,
yellow and red-brown florets
§ Popular as a garden
ornamental
Blackeyed Susan, Hairy Coneflower
§ Rudbeckia hirta L.
§ Perennial, warm season,
native
§ Individual or clump stems,
bristly hairs, few branches,
flowers are yellow with a dark
center
§ Often forms large populations
§ Prized as both a wildflower
and an ornamental
Silverleaf Nightshade, White Horse Nettle
§ Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
§ Perennial, warm season,
native
§ Silvery-white, oblong leaves;
blue-violet and yellow flowers;
yellow berries in the winter
§ Considered a noxious weed in
plowed fields
§ Toxic but usually not eaten by
livestock
Compass Plant, Rosin Weed
§ Silphium laciniatum L.
§ Perennial, warm season,
native
§ Tall, stout, erect stems ooze
sap when broken; showy
florets
§ Leaf blades have a general
north-south orientation
§ Highly palatable to cattle;
decreases with grazing
Buffalo Bur, Texas Thistle, Mala Mujer,
Sand Bur
§ Solanum rostratum Dunal
§ Annual, warm season, native
§ Erect stems, 6 to 24 inches
§
tall; hairy and densely covered
with stiff, long, prickles or
spines
Aggressive weed that often
forms large populations in
disturbed soil
Canada Goldenrod
§ Solidago canadensis L.
§ Perennial, warm season,
native
§ Tall, erect stems; yellow heads
on curved branches
§ Often mistaken for ragweed,
but it is insect pollinated
Western Ironweed, Baldwin’s Ironweed
§ Vernonia baldwinii Torr.
§ Perennial, warm season,
native
§ Stiff, erect woody stem
covered with short, dense
hair; purple or red flowers
§ Butterflies visit the heads
§ The name reflects the tough
nature of the plant
Goat ’s Beard, Meadow Salisfy,
Showy Goat’s Beard
§ Tragopogon pratensis L.
§ Biennial, warm season,
introduced
§ Tall, erect stems; milky sap;
large, yellow heads that
produce a fuzzy sphere at
maturity
§ Not eaten by livestock
Cocklebur, Abrojo, Porcupine Eggs
§ Xanthium strumarium L.
§ Annual, warm season,
introduced
§ Stout stems; spreading
branches; alternate leaves,
rough to the touch; hard, oval
bur with strong, hooked spines
§ Inspired the invention of
Velcro fasteners
Leadplant, Wild Tea, Shoestrings
§ Amorpha canescens Pursh
§ Perennial, warm season,
native
§ Silvery gray foliage; purple
flowers
§ A very important prairie
legume; highly nutritious for
livestock
§ Its presence is an indicator of
rangeland quality
Large-Bracted Wild Indigo,
Plains Wild Indigo, Yellow False Indigo
§ Baptisia bracteata Muhl.ex
§
§
§
Elliott
Perennial, warm season,
native
Stout, erect stems; yellowish
cream-colored flowers; thick,
olive-brown seeds
Unpalatable to livestock and
may be toxic
Blue Wild Indigo, Blue False Indigo
§ Baptisia australis (L.) R.Br.
§ Perennial, warm season,
native
§ Stout, erect stems; bluish
purple flowers; foliage turns a
dark gray color after
maturing
§ Native Americans used the
plant to make dye
§ Sometimes used as an
ornamental
Nuttall’s Sensitivebriar, Sensitive Rose,
Catclaw Sensitivebriar, Shame Vine
§ Mimosa quadrivalvis L.var.
§
§
§
nuttallii (DC.) Barneby
Perennial, warm season,
native
Sprawling stems with stout,
curved prickles; puffy pink
flowers
Leaves fold together when
touched
Pecan
§ Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.)
§
§
§
K.Koch
Native; height to 65 feet; fast
growing
Generally associated with
river drainages (bottom-land
soils)
Economically important for
nuts and wood
Redbud, Judas Tree
§ Cercis canadensis L.
§ Native; height to 30 feet
(sometimes called a shrub)
§ Blossoms range from white to
lavendar to bright magenta in
color; heart-shaped leaves
§ Popular as an ornamental and
is the Oklahoma state tree
Hackberry, Sugarberry,
Southern Hackberry
§ Celtis laevigata Willd.
§ Native; height to 60 feet
§ Easily recognized by its light
§
§
gray, warty bark
Food for squirrels and birds;
good shade tree
Wood used for crates and
athletic goods
Honey Locust
§ Gleditsia triacanthos L.
§ Native; height to 65 feet
§ Hardy and fast growing; fruit
§
pods eaten by cattle and
wildlife
Persistent and aggressive;
often considered a pest
because of its nail-like thorns
Eastern Redcedar
§ Juniperus virginiana L.
§ Native; height to 35 feet;
§
§
§
§
relatively slow growing
Frequently planted as a
windbreak or shelterbelt
Provides good cover for birds
in the winter
Harvested for its aromatic
wood
In many areas, it is considered
an invasive pest
Virginia Creeper, Woodbine
§ Parthenocissus quinquefolia
§
§
§
§
(L.)
Native; vine with climbing
stems
Common in forests and as an
ornamental plant
Bright red foliage in the fall
Often mistaken for Poison Ivy;
however, Virginia Creeper has
5 leaves and Poison Ivy has 3
leaves
Osage Orange, Hedgeapple,
Bois d ’Arc, Bodark
§ Maclura pomifera (Raf.)
§
§
§
§
C.K.Schneid.
Native; height to 40 feet; fast
growing
Its dense, hard wood used by
Native Americans for making
bows; also makes good fence
posts
The large fruits are very
palatable to livestock
In many areas, it is considered
an invasive pest
Eastern Cottonwood
§ Populus deltoides Marshall
§ Native; height to 80 feet;
extremely fast growing
§ Leaves flutter in even a slight
breeze, allowing it to be
distinguishable at a great
distance
§ Associated with wet soils near
streams and ponds, but it can
withstand droughty conditions
Sand Plum, Chickasaw Plum,
Sandhill Plum
§
§
§
§
Prunus angustifolia Marshall
Native; height to 9 feet; shrub
Forms thickets
Edible fruits; good wildlife
food and habitat
Post Oak
§ Quercus stellata Wangenh.
§ Native; small-or medium-sized
tree
§ Easily recognized by its light
gray, flaking bark
§ Non-awned leaves have the
feel of sandpaper
§ Along with Blackjack Oak, is
dominating oak of the Cross
Timbers region
Blackjack Oak
§ Quercus marilandica
§
§
§
Muenchh.
Native; small tree
Easily recognized by its
irregular growth form,
drooping dead branches,
deeply furrowed bark, and
glossy awned leaves
A dominating oak of the Cross
Timbers region
Smooth Sumac, Scarlet Sumac,
Dwarf Sumac
§ Rhus glabra L.
§ Native; shrub or rarely small
§
§
§
§
trees
Fruits eaten by birds
Establishes extensive thickets
Brilliant, scarlet foliage in the
fall
Sometimes cultivated as an
ornamental
Black Willow
§ Salix nigra Marshall
§ Native; height to 50 feet
§ Leaning, twisted, rough§
§
barked trunk
Typically found in wet soils
along streams and
ponds; often forms gallery
forests
Largest native willow in
Oklahoma
Poison Ivy, Poison Mercury
§ Toxicodendron radicans L.
§ Native
§ Vine or shrub; typically
§
climbs
Causes severe skin rash with
swelling, itching, and
blistering
Coralberry
§ Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
§
§
§
Moench
Native; shrub to 3 feet
Establishes colonies; small red
fruits usually persist
on the stems through winter
Sometimes used as an
ornamental and for erosion
control
American Elm
§ Ulmus americana L.
§ Native; height to 65 feet; fast
growing
§ Easily recognized by its
massive trunks, arching
branches, and slender twigs;
popular shade tree
§ Susceptible to attack by bark
beetles and Dutch
elm disease
Thanks to the following for allowing the use of the illustrations:
Bellamy Parks Jansen
Oklahoma State University
(Images are Copyrighted by Oklahoma State University)
Identifying
Plants
the end