Transcript Year 8 Revision

Year 8 Revision
May 2014
COASTS
• Look at page ___________in Geog.2
Swash and backwash
Backwash
Swash
Note: Backwash is always at right angles to the beach
Processes of erosion
Corrosion
Hydraulic action
Processes of erosion
Attrition
Abrasion
Headlands and bays
Cliffs
Caves, arches, stacks and stumps
1
2
This is a cave (‘Stair Hole’).
3
This is an arch (‘Durdle Door’).
4
This is a stack (Old Harry’s Rocks).
These are stumps.
Longshore drift
Direction of movement
Backwash is always at
right angles to the beach
swash
Backwash
This movement of sediment along the coastline is
called longshore drift.
Spit formation
Chesil beach
Chesil Beach
Isle of Portland
The options...
Rip rap
Sea wall
Groynes
Gabions
Stone revetment
DO NOTHING!
PEOPLE AND THE PLANET
• Look at these pages _______in Geog.2 to find
this information.......
PEOPLE AND THE PLANET
Population Basics
• Birth rate is the number of births per 1000
• Death rate is the number of deaths per 1000
• Natural increase happens if there are more
births than deaths
• If there are more births than deaths the
population will grow. Most countries have a
growing population
Will The population in a country grow
IF
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Everyone gets better food
War happens
Deadly disease spreads
There is famine and drought
There are more doctors and hospitals
Contraception is provided
Women are educated
Sustainability…
ENERGY AND GLOBAL
WARMING
Animation showing the formation of fossil fuels
Impact of burning fossil fuels – Greenhouse Effect
Match the statement with the energy source
Wave
located on the coast with a chamber
facing the prevailing wind
Solar
often located
in exposed
areasrays
such
mirrors
concentrate
the sun’s
onto
as mountainous
water-filled
blackregions
pipes
HEP
mirrors
concentrate
sun’s rays onto
water stored
in damsthe
is released
water-filled
black to
pipes
through turbines
generate electricity
Tidal
heat
produced
by rocks under
the
powered
by a man-made
barrage,
Earth’s
usually surface
found across an estuary
Wind
powered
by ain
man-made
barrage,
often located
exposed areas
such
usually
found across
an estuary
as mountainous
regions
Geothermal
waterproduced
stored in by
dams
is released
heat
rocks
under the
throughsurface
turbines to generate electricity
Earth’s
GLOBAL WARMING
• Look at these pages _________in Geog.2 to
find this information
Global Warming
Are you acting sustainably?
Lifestyle and CO2 emissions are linked. How
we live can affect the climate.
Sustainable development acknowledges
that our actions today affect the future
and therefore we have a responsibility to
protect the Earth and its resources.
If we want to preserve the Earth for future generations we need to take personal
responsibility to change our lifestyles in response to our knowledge of the effects of
climate change.
What can you do?
Sustainability…
ECOSYSTEMS
World biomes
The climate and geography of a region determine what type of biome can exist there.
Over time, species have adapted to differences in climate and environment inside each
biome.
Can you think of any adaptations species have made to particular
biomes?
How Is The Rainforest Structured?
EMERGENT LAYER
The tallest trees are the emergents, growing up to
200 feet with huge special roots above the
groundcalled buttress roots to support them. Most
of these trees are broad-leaved, hardwood
evergreens. There is lots of sun here.
CANOPY LAYER
This is the thickest layer of the forest and forms a
roof over the remaining layers. It's a maze of
leaves and branches as the plants grow quickly in
the rain and sun and are competing for light.. The
trees have straight trunks
UNDERCANOPY LAYER
Little sunshine reaches this area so the plants have
to grow larger leaves to reach the sunlight..There
are many giant ferns.
FOREST FLOOR
Hardly any sun reaches the forest floor so almost
no plants grow and things begin to decay quickly. A
leaf that might take 1 year to decompose, will
decompose in 6 weeks.
The Plants Of The Forest
At least two-thirds of the world's plant species, including
many exotic and beautiful flowers grow in the rainforests.
The Animals Of The Forest
The rainforest is home to more than half of the world's
animals. Colourful and unusual animals dwell in all four layers
of the forest. All types of creatures are represented, from
tiny insects to large mammals.
Biodiversity as a resource
The Amazon rainforest is home to more than 5 million
species.
Humans use these species:
trees are cut down for timber
new medicines can be developed from plants
the forest provides food and a home for forest
inhabitants.
The Amazon rainforest has been used by man for centuries and is extremely important on
a global scale. But today much development in the forest is unsustainable.
Logging, agriculture, mining and road building cause deforestation and the
extinction of species.
Deforestation
Less
vegetation
Soil becomes
infertile
Fewer leaves fall
Broken Nutrient
cycle
Less nutrients
enter the soil
Less decomposition
(breaking down) of litter by
termites, fungi and bacteria